Children with elevated behavioural inhibition (BI) show context‐inappropriate fear and dysregulated RSA across stressor tasks. However, few studies have examined dynamic RSA within tasks and relations to parent and child anxiety. Using piecewise growth modelling and multimethod baseline data from an intervention study of 151 3.5–5‐year‐old children and their parents, we examined relations between child social anxiety (SA), parent anxiety and their interaction in predicting children's RSA across social stressor tasks (e.g. learning about unfamiliar peers, Trier Social Stress). Within the sample, 49.63% of children were reported to be White, non‐Hispanic/Latine (n = 67), 22% multiracial (n = 31), 14.81% Asian/Pacific Islander (n = 20) and 12.59% Black/African‐American (n = 17). Furthermore, 64.44% of the parents were reported to be White, non‐Hispanic/Latine (n = 87), 20% Asian/Pacific Islander (n = 27), 13.33% Black/African‐American (n = 18) and 2.22% multiracial (n = 3). Children showed differentiated RSA reactivity and recovery within an anticipatory social learning task based on their level of clinically appraised SA. Relations between child SA and RSA across tasks was moderated by parent anxiety, specifically for dyads matched in anxiety. Findings provide support for the potential influence of both child and parent anxiety on children's parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) responses across specific self‐regulatory tasks.

中文翻译：

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社会压力源任务中副交感神经功能的个体差异：与儿童和父母焦虑的关系


行为抑制 （BI） 升高的儿童在压力源任务中表现出不适当的上下文恐惧和 RSA 失调。然而，很少有研究检查任务中的动态 RSA 以及与父母和孩子焦虑的关系。使用分段生长模型和来自 151 名 3.5-5 岁儿童及其父母的干预研究的多方法基线数据，我们检查了儿童社交焦虑 （SA）、父母焦虑及其在预测儿童在社交压力源任务中的 RSA 方面的交互作用之间的关系（例如 了解不熟悉的同龄人，特里尔社交压力）。在样本中，据报道，49.63% 的儿童是白人、非西班牙裔/拉丁裔 （n = 67），22% 是多种族 （n = 31），14.81% 是亚洲/太平洋岛民 （n = 20） 和 12.59% 是黑人/非裔美国人 （n = 17）。此外，据报道，64.44% 的父母是白人、非西班牙裔/拉丁裔 （n = 87），20% 是亚洲/太平洋岛民 （n = 27），13.33% 是黑人/非裔美国人 （n = 18） 和 2.22% 是多种族 （n = 3）。儿童在基于其临床评估的 SA 水平的预期社会学习任务中表现出不同的 RSA 反应性和恢复。儿童 SA 和 RSA 之间跨任务的关系受父母焦虑的调节，特别是对于焦虑匹配的二元组。研究结果支持儿童和父母焦虑对儿童在特定自我调节任务中的副交感神经系统 （PNS） 反应的潜在影响。