Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a popular bread wheat with high milling and baking requirements. Vernalization is not required for spring wheat, which allows for fast growth under manipulated conditions. This experiment's objective was rapid development of inbred lines of hard red spring wheat throughout the off-season and preserve enough genetic variability to perform selection. A total of 1575 F₂ heads from three distinct populations were randomly harvested in the field-season 2021. To break seed dormancy, seeds were held for 2 days at 0°C. Three breeding cycles were performed through single seed descent under manipulated growth condition during the off-season 2021–2022. We were able to harvest plant materials as quickly as 54 days after planting in comparison to 110 days average field season. We lost a total of 36.4% during the three off-season fast advancement generations and 711 genotypes reached the F_5:6 generation with enough seed to perform a partially replicated small plot yield trial at two locations during the 2022 field-season. Response traits collected included grain yield, grain protein, plant height, days to heading, and bacterial leaf streak (Xanthomonas transluens) disease severity. Heritability of collected traits varied between 0.61 and 0.92. Although we had considerable loss during the speed breeding, we were able to identify superior genotypes compared to the parents.

中文翻译：

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通过春小麦的战略快速育种加速遗传增益


春小麦 （Triticum aestivum L.） 是一种流行的面包小麦，对碾磨和烘焙的要求很高。春小麦不需要春化，因此可以在操纵条件下快速生长。该实验的目标是在整个淡季快速发展硬红春小麦的自交系，并保留足够的遗传变异性以进行选择。在 2021 年的田间季节，共有来自三个不同种群的 1575 个 F₂ 头被随机收获。为了打破种子休眠，将种子在 0°C 下保存 2 天。 在 2021-2022 年淡季期间，在操纵生长条件下通过单粒种子下降进行了三个育种周期。我们能够在种植后 54 天内收获植物材料，而平均田间季节需要 110 天。在三个淡季快速推进的一代中，我们总共损失了 36.4%，711 个基因型达到 F_5：6 代，有足够的种子在 2022 年田间季节在两个地点进行部分复制的小地块产量试验。收集的响应性状包括谷物产量、谷物蛋白质、株高、抽穗天数和细菌叶条纹 （Xanthomonas transluens） 疾病严重程度。收集的性状的遗传力在 0.61 和 0.92 之间变化。尽管我们在快速育种过程中损失了相当大的损失，但与亲本相比，我们能够识别出更优越的基因型。