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Risk of tuberculosis after achieving HIV virological suppression on antiretroviral therapy: a Danish nationwide prospective cohort study
Clinical Infectious Diseases ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2024-10-08 , DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciae499
Amrit Kaur Virdee, Fredrikke Christie Knudtzen, Josep M Llibre, Lars Haukali Omland, Niels Obel, Nina Breinholt Stærke, Johanna Åhsberg, Iben Ørsted, Gitte Kronborg, Rajesh Mohey, Maria del Pilar Fernandez Montejo, Isik Somuncu Johansen, Raquel Martin-Iguacel

Background In countries with low tuberculosis (TB) burden, the risk of TB in people with HIV (PWH) once HIV virological suppression is achieved is not fully understood. Methods In a nationwide cohort, we included all adult PWH from the Danish HIV Cohort initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) (1995-2017) without prior TB disease. We used Kaplan-Meier estimation and Poisson regression to calculate TB incidence rate (IR) after six months of ART, along with associated risk factors and mortality rates (MR). Results Among 6,849 PWH initiating ART (median follow-up 7.4 years), 84 developed TB (IR 1.4/1000 person-year [PY]), 54 of them beyond six months of ART initiation, IR 0.97/1000 PY (95%CI:1.17-1.79): 1.95 (95%CI:1.34-2.76) in non-Danish born, 0.36 (95%CI:0.21-0.62) in Danish-born without injection drug use (IDU), and 2.95 (95%CI:1.53-5.66) in Danish-born with IDU. Danish-born with suppressed viremia, and no IDU or known TB exposures had the lowest risk (IR 0.05/1000 PY). In the adjusted analysis, being non-Danish born (aIRR 4.27[95%CI:2.36-7.72]), IDU (aIRR 4.95[95%CI:2.55-9.62]), and previous AIDS-defining events (aIRR 2.05[95%CI:1.06-3.94]) raised TB risk, while suppressed HIV-RNA (aIRR 0.58[95%CI:0.34-0.99]) reduced it. The overall MR for HIV/TB co-infected post- ART was high, at 48.9/1000 PY (95%CI:30.4-78.7). Conclusions The TB risk remains elevated in PWH beyond six months of ART initiation, especially among migrants, IDU, those without suppressed HIV-RNA, and individuals exposed to high TB endemic areas or with social risk determinants of health. Conversely, PWH without these risk factors have a TB risk similar to the general population and would not require targeted TB screening strategies.

中文翻译:


抗逆转录病毒治疗实现 HIV 病毒学抑制后发生结核病的风险:一项丹麦全国性前瞻性队列研究



背景 在结核病 (TB) 负担低的国家,一旦实现 HIV 病毒学抑制,HIV 感染者 (PWH) 患结核病的风险尚不完全清楚。方法 在全国队列中,我们纳入了来自丹麦 HIV 队列中所有开始抗逆转录病毒治疗 (ART) (ART) (1995-2017) 且既往无结核病的成年 PWH。我们使用 Kaplan-Meier 估计和泊松回归来计算 ART 6 个月后的结核病发病率 (IR) 以及相关的危险因素和死亡率 (MR)。结果 在 6,849 例开始 ART 的 PWH 中 (中位随访 7.4 年),84 例发展为结核病 (IR 1.4/1000 人年 [PY]),其中 54 例在 ART 开始后 6 个月后,IR 0.97/1000 PY (95%CI:1.17-1.79):非丹麦出生的 1.95 (95%CI:1.34-2.76),丹麦出生的无注射吸毒 (IDU) 为 0.36 (95%CI:0.21-0.62),丹麦出生的 IDU 为 2.95 (95%CI:1.53-5.66)。丹麦出生的病毒血症受到抑制,没有 IDU 或已知 TB 暴露的风险最低 (IR 0.05/1000 PY)。在调整后的分析中,非丹麦出生 (aIRR 4.27[95%CI:2.36-7.72])、IDU (aIRR 4.95[95%CI:2.55-9.62]) 和既往艾滋病定义事件 (aIRR 2.05[95%CI:1.06-3.94]) 增加了结核病风险,而抑制了 HIV-RNA (aIRR 0.58[95%CI:0.34-0.99]) 降低了结核病风险。ART 后 HIV/TB 合并感染的总体 MR 很高,为 48.9/1000 PY (95%CI:30.4-78.7)。结论 ART 开始 6 个月后,PWH 的 TB 风险仍然升高,尤其是在移民、IDU、未抑制 HIV-RNA 的人以及暴露于结核病高流行地区或具有健康社会风险决定因素的个体中。相反,没有这些风险因素的 PWH 具有与一般人群相似的结核病风险,不需要有针对性的结核病筛查策略。
更新日期:2024-10-08
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