Humans and other primates have a remarkable ability to perform a wide range of tasks and behaviors, even novel ones, in order to achieve their goals. Further, they are able to shift flexibly among these behaviors as the contexts demands. Cognitive control is the function at the base of this remarkable behavioral generativity and flexibility. The present review provides a survey of current research on cognitive control focusing on two of its primary features within a control systems framework: (a) the ability to select new behaviors based on context and (b) the ability to monitor ongoing behavior and adjust accordingly. Throughout, the review places an emphasis on how differences in the content and structure of task representations affect these core features of cognitive control.

中文翻译：

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 认知控制


人类和其他灵长类动物具有非凡的能力，可以执行广泛的任务和行为，甚至是新奇的任务和行为，以实现他们的目标。此外，他们能够根据环境需要在这些行为之间灵活地转换。认知控制是这种非凡的行为生成性和灵活性的基础功能。本综述对当前认知控制研究进行了调查，重点关注控制系统框架内认知控制的两个主要特征：（a） 根据上下文选择新行为的能力，以及 （b） 监控持续行为并做出相应调整的能力。在整个审查中，该评论强调了任务表示的内容和结构的差异如何影响认知控制的这些核心特征。