Moral learning and decision-making are crucial throughout our lives, from infancy to old age. Emerging evidence suggests that there are important differences in learning and deciding in moral situations, and these are underpinned by co-occurring changes in the use of model-based values and theory of mind. Here, we review the decision neuroscience literature on moral choices and moral learning considering four key concepts. We show how in the earliest years, a sense of self/other distinction is foundational. Sensitivity to intention versus outcome is crucial for several moral concepts and is most similar in our earliest and oldest years. Across all ages, basic shifts in the influence of theory of mind and model-free and model-based learning support moral decision-making. Moving forward, a computational approach to key concepts of morality can help provide a mechanistic account and generate new hypotheses to test across the whole lifespan.

中文翻译：

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整个生命周期的道德学习和决策


道德学习和决策在我们的一生中都至关重要，从婴儿期到老年。新出现的证据表明，在道德情境中，学习和决定存在重要差异，而这些差异是由基于模型的价值观和心智理论的使用同时发生的变化所支撑的。在这里，我们回顾了关于道德选择和道德学习的决策神经科学文献，考虑了四个关键概念。我们展示了在最初的几年里，自我/他人的区分感是如何成为基础的。对意图与结果的敏感性对于几个道德概念至关重要，并且在我们最早和最老的岁月中最为相似。在所有年龄段，心智理论以及无模型和基于模型的学习的影响的基本转变都支持道德决策。展望未来，对道德关键概念的计算方法可以帮助提供机械解释并生成新的假设，以在整个生命周期中进行测试。