Lithium transition metal oxide layers, Li[Ni_1−x−yCo_x(Mn and/or Al)_y]O₂, are widely used and mass-produced for current rechargeable battery cathodes. Development of cathode materials has focused on increasing the Ni content by simply controlling the chemical composition, but as the Ni content has almost reached its limit, a new breakthrough is required. In this regard, microstructural modification is rapidly emerging as a prospective approach, namely in the production of nano-rod layered cathode materials. A comprehensive review of the physicochemical properties and electrochemical performances of cathodes bearing the nano-rod microstructure is provided herein. A detailed discussion is regarding the structural stability of the cathode, which should be maximized to suppress microcrack formation, the main cause of capacity fading in Ni-rich cathode materials. In addition, the morphological features required to achieve optimal performance are examined. Following a discussion of the initial nano-rod cathodes, which were based on compositional concentration gradients, the preparation of nano-rod cathodes without the inclusion of a concentration gradient is reviewed, highlighting the importance of the precursor. Subsequently, the challenges and advances associated with the nano-rod structure are discussed, including considerations for synthesizing nano-rod cathodes and surface shielding of the nano-rod structure. It goes on to cover nano-rod cathode materials for next-generation batteries (e.g., all-solid-state, lithium-metal, and sodium-ion batteries), inspiring the battery community and other materials scientists looking for clues to the solution of the challenges that they encounter.

中文翻译：

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用于实用电池的富镍层状阴极纳米棒


锂过渡金属氧化物层 Li[Ni_1−x−yCo_x（Mn 和/或 Al）_y]O₂ 被广泛用于电流可充电电池阴极并批量生产。正极材料的发展主要集中在通过简单地控制化学成分来提高 Ni 含量，但由于 Ni 含量几乎达到极限，因此需要新的突破。在这方面，微观结构改性正迅速成为一种前瞻性的方法，即在纳米棒层状阴极材料的生产中。本文对具有纳米棒微观结构的阴极的物理化学性质和电化学性能进行了全面的综述。详细讨论了阴极的结构稳定性，应最大限度地抑制微裂纹的形成，这是富镍正极材料容量衰减的主要原因。此外，还检查了实现最佳性能所需的形态特征。在讨论了基于成分浓度梯度的初始纳米棒阴极之后，回顾了不包含浓度梯度的纳米棒阴极的制备，强调了前驱体的重要性。随后，讨论了与纳米棒结构相关的挑战和进展，包括合成纳米棒阴极和纳米棒结构的表面屏蔽的考虑因素。它继续涵盖用于下一代电池的纳米棒正极材料（例如、全固态、锂金属和钠离子电池）激发了电池界和其他材料科学家的灵感，他们正在寻找解决他们所遇到挑战的线索。