Biopsy, including tissue and liquid biopsy, offers comprehensive and real-time physiological and pathological information for disease detection, diagnosis, and monitoring. Fluorescent probes are frequently selected to obtain adequate information on pathological processes in a rapid and minimally invasive manner based on their advantages for biopsy. However, conventional fluorescent probes have been found to show aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) properties, impeding greater progresses in this area. Since the discovery of aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) have promoted rapid advancements in molecular bionanomaterials owing to their unique properties, including high quantum yield (QY) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), etc. This review seeks to present the latest advances in AIEgen-based biofluorescent probes for biopsy in real or artificial samples, and also the key properties of these AIE probes. This review is divided into: (i) tissue biopsy based on smart AIEgens, (ii) blood sample biopsy based on smart AIEgens, (iii) urine sample biopsy based on smart AIEgens, (iv) saliva sample biopsy based on smart AIEgens, (v) biopsy of other liquid samples based on smart AIEgens, and (vi) perspectives and conclusion. This review could provide additional guidance to motivate interest and bolster more innovative ideas for further exploring the applications of various smart AIEgens in precision medicine.

中文翻译：

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聚集诱导发射发光体：在精准医学活检中的作用


活检，包括组织和液体活检，为疾病检测、诊断和监测提供全面、实时的生理和病理信息。根据荧光探针在活检中的优势，经常选择荧光探针以快速和微创的方式获得有关病理过程的足够信息。然而，已经发现传统的荧光探针显示出聚集引起的淬灭 （ACQ） 特性，阻碍了该领域的更大进展。自发现聚集诱导发射发光体 （AIEgen） 以来，由于其独特的性能，包括高量子产率 （QY） 和信噪比 （SNR） 等，促进了分子生物纳米材料的快速发展。本综述旨在介绍基于 AIEgen 的生物荧光探针在真实或人工样本中活检的最新进展，以及这些 AIE 探针的关键特性。本综述分为：（i） 基于智能 AIEgens 的组织活检，（ii） 基于智能 AIEgens 的血样活检，（iii） 基于智能 AIEgens 的尿液样本活检，（iv） 基于智能 AIEgens 的唾液样本活检，（v） 基于智能 AIEgens 的其他液体样本活检，以及 （vi） 观点和结论。本文综述可提供额外的指导，激发兴趣，为进一步探索各种智能AIEgens在精准医疗中的应用提供更多创新思路。