Pesticide delivery platforms are an effective means to improve the control efficiency of pesticides through multiple functionalities. However, the prevalent use of pesticide carriers is often hindered by complex synthetic pathways, environmentally unfriendly components, and limited loading capacities, which restrict their practical applications in agriculture. In this work, we developed sustainable pesticide nanocarriers using a straightforward supramolecular co-assembly approach, employing bio-based diphenylalanine (FF) as the assembling molecule and the herbicide fluroxypyr (FP) as the active ingredient. Driven by the synergistic effects of hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, π–π stacking, hydrophobic interactions and van der Waals forces, FP and FF co-assembled into stable assemblies with high loading capacity. Notably, the co-assemblies with different compositions exhibited tunable microstructures, including wormlike micelles, micelle-arranged coils, and vesicles. Additionally, these nanocarriers demonstrated sensitive release properties based on the FP/FF ratio and changes in pH value; nearly 97.78% of FP could be released by the 1 : 1 co-assemblies at a pH value of 5. Furthermore, the alteration in size and microscopic morphology after co-assembly facilitated the translocation of FP in the target weed, ultimately enhancing herbicidal activity. Overall, this work proposes a promising approach for developing green and simplified pesticide carriers, offering novel insights and strategies for sustainable agricultural development.

中文翻译：

---

通过基于二肽的共组装方法制造的可持续纳米载体，用于增强除草剂的递送和转位


农药配送平台是通过多种功能提高农药控制效率的有效手段。然而，农药载体的普遍使用往往受到复杂的合成途径、不环保的成分和有限的负载能力的阻碍，这限制了它们在农业中的实际应用。在这项工作中，我们使用简单的超分子共组装方法开发了可持续的农药纳米载体，采用生物基二苯丙氨酸 （FF） 作为组装分子，除草剂氟氧吡啶 （FP） 作为活性成分。在氢键、静电相互作用、π-π 堆叠、疏水相互作用和范德华力的协同作用下，FP 和 FF 共同组装成具有高负载能力的稳定组件。值得注意的是，具有不同成分的共组装体表现出可调的微观结构，包括蠕虫状胶束、胶束排列的线圈和囊泡。此外，这些纳米载体表现出基于 FP/FF 比率和 pH 值变化的敏感释放特性;在 pH 值为 5 时，近 97.78% 的 FP 可由 1：1 共组装体释放。此外，共组装后大小和微观形态的改变促进了 FP 在目标杂草中的易位，最终增强了除草活性。总体而言，这项工作为开发绿色和简化的农药载体提出了一种有前途的方法，为可持续农业发展提供了新的见解和策略。