Despite the immense challenges to mental health faced by refugees, research consistently finds that many nevertheless demonstrate remarkable resilience. However, a systematic account of the scientific literature on resilience among refugees is currently lacking. This paper aims to fill that gap by comprehensively reviewing research on protective and risk factors affecting refugees’ resilience and mental health problems across four socio-ecological levels: individual, family, community, and society. We conducted a systematic search in the databases PsycINFO, Web of Science, and SocINDEX, as well as contacted topic experts to seek out unpublished manuscripts. This yielded 223 studies (171 quantitative, 52 qualitative), which were subjected to systematic content coding. We found consistent evidence for substantive risk factors, including traumatic experiences and gender at the individual level and postmigration stress and unemployment at the societal level. We found social support to be a clear protective factor at the family and community levels. We discuss these findings in the context of policy and intervention programs and make recommendations at different socio-ecological levels for supporting refugees’ resilience.

中文翻译：

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与难民心理健康问题和复原力相关的社会生态因素：系统范围审查


尽管难民在心理健康方面面临巨大挑战，但研究一致发现，许多人仍然表现出非凡的韧性。然而，目前缺乏对难民复原力的科学文献的系统描述。本文旨在通过全面回顾个人、家庭、社区和社会四个社会生态层面上影响难民复原力和心理健康问题的保护和风险因素的研究来填补这一空白。我们在 PsycINFO、Web of Science 和 SocINDEX 数据库中进行了系统检索，并联系了主题专家以查找未发表的手稿。这产生了 223 项研究 （171 项定量，52 项定性），这些研究进行了系统的内容编码。我们发现了实质性风险因素的一致证据，包括个人层面的创伤经历和性别，以及社会层面的移民后压力和失业。我们发现社会支持在家庭和社区层面是一个明显的保护因素。我们在政策和干预计划的背景下讨论这些发现，并在不同的社会生态层面提出支持难民复原力的建议。