Over the past decade, scholars have explored whether the stigma associated with sexual violence (SV) represents a risk factor for psychopathology and related comorbidities following SV. We conducted a scoping review to summarize and evaluate the state of this burgeoning literature. We included studies from Pubmed, APA PsychInfo, Embase, CINAHL Plus, Social Science Premium, and Web of Science that quantified stigma related to SV. Studies were screened and abstracted in accordance with the PRISMA-SCR guidelines for scoping reviews. Our final sample contained 62 studies. We address two key questions about SV stigma. First, is SV a stigmatized status? Articles ( n = 14) provided evidence for SV stigma among potential stigmatizers (e.g., individuals who may perpetuate stigma) across a range of methods (e.g., vignettes) and outcomes (e.g., desire for social distance). Additional work ( n = 20) corroborates perceptions of SV stigma among targets (i.e., SV survivors). Second, what are the psychosocial consequences of SV stigma? We reviewed studies ( n = 28) demonstrating that SV stigma is correlated with a range of adverse psychosocial outcomes—including anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, problematic drinking, and somatic symptoms—among individuals experiencing multiple types of SV (e.g., childhood sexual abuse and sexual assault). Thus, emerging evidence suggests that SV stigma may be a critical determinant of risk and recovery following SV exposure. However, a number of limitations were observed, including that SV stigma has not been consistently measured and that the literature has not fully incorporated stigma constructs, such as concealment and structural stigma. We offer several recommendations to advance this line of work.

中文翻译：

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性暴力污名的社会心理后果：范围界定回顾


在过去的十年中，学者们探讨了与性暴力 （SV） 相关的耻辱感是否代表了 SV 后精神病理学和相关合并症的危险因素。我们进行了范围综述，以总结和评估这些新兴文献的状态。我们纳入了来自 Pubmed、APA PsychInfo、Embase、CINAHL Plus、Social Science Premium 和 Web of Science 的研究，这些研究量化了与 SV 相关的耻辱感。根据 PRISMA-SCR 指南对研究进行筛选和摘要，以确定综述的范围。我们的最终样本包含 62 项研究。我们解决了有关 SV 耻辱感的两个关键问题。首先，SV 是一种被污名化的状态吗？文章 （ n = 14） 提供了潜在污名化者 （例如，可能延续污名的个体） 在一系列方法（例如，小插图）和结果（例如，对社交距离的渴望）中 SV 污名化的证据。其他工作 （ n = 20） 证实了目标 （即 SV 幸存者） 对 SV 耻辱的看法。其次，SV 耻辱感的社会心理后果是什么？我们回顾了研究 （n = 28），表明 SV 耻辱感与经历多种类型 SV （例如，儿童性虐待和性侵犯） 的个体中的一系列不良社会心理结果相关，包括焦虑、抑郁、创伤后应激障碍、有问题的饮酒和躯体症状。因此，新出现的证据表明，SV 耻辱感可能是 SV 暴露后风险和恢复的关键决定因素。然而，观察到许多局限性，包括 SV 耻辱感没有得到一致的测量，以及文献没有完全纳入耻辱感结构，例如隐藏和结构性耻辱感。我们提供了几项建议来推进这一工作。