Research practices used by social scientists to understand and dismantle the psychological foundations that uphold racist hierarchies can backfire when they rely on racecraft. Racecraft ideology assumes the reality of race(s), an assumption that shapes study designs and inferences to the detriment of theoretical and practical goals. I showcase how racecraft manifests in studies seeking to quantify how perceptions of sociopolitical stimuli differ across racialized perceivers (e.g., black, white, latinx). The typical analysis for quantifying perceptions focuses on comparing group averages, which assumes the existence of discrete "races" whose perceptions can be sufficiently summarized by averages. Across three studies, I used variance component analyses on racism ratings of anti-immigrant tweets from differently racialized perceivers (N = 1,211) to show there was much larger disagreement than agreement within race categories, even when there were average differences in perceptions across race categories. This analysis shows how analytic practices can bolster different assumptions about the nature of race, some of which reify the illusion that race categories are stable cohesive groups. Researchers can improve their analytic inferences and avoid producing race-reifying caricatures of peoples' perceptions by adding variance mapping to their toolkits and attending to racialization as a dynamic process-needed improvements within the psychological study of race and racism, group-based beliefs, and antiracist research endeavors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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分析种族技巧：基于种族的平均数在种族主义的看法上造成了虚幻的群体差异。


社会科学家用来理解和瓦解维护种族主义等级制度的心理学基础的研究实践，当他们依赖赛车技术时，可能会适得其反。赛车意识形态假设了种族的现实，这种假设塑造了研究设计和推理，损害了理论和实践目标。我展示了种族技巧在研究中的表现，这些研究旨在量化种族化感知者（例如，黑人、白人、拉丁裔）对社会政治刺激的看法有何不同。量化感知的典型分析侧重于比较群体平均值，这假设存在离散的“种族”，其感知可以用平均值充分概括。在三项研究中，我对来自不同种族化感知者 （N = 1,211） 的反移民推文的种族主义评级使用了方差成分分析，以表明种族类别内的分歧比一致大得多，即使种族类别之间的感知存在平均差异。这项分析显示了分析实践如何支持关于种族本质的不同假设，其中一些假设巩固了种族类别是稳定的有凝聚力的群体的错觉。研究人员可以通过在他们的工具包中添加方差映射，并将种族化作为一个动态过程来改进他们的分析推理，避免产生对人们认知的种族化讽刺漫画，在种族和种族主义的心理学研究、基于群体的信念和反种族主义研究工作中需要改进。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 （c） 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。