Injectable bone cements are used in minimally invasive surgical techniques including vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty. This work is devoted to the development of magnesium-calcium phosphate cements (MCPCs) doped with gadolinium ions (Gd3+) for bone defect repair. Interaction between cement powders and a cement liquid resulted in the formation of newberyite and brushite phases, which gave mechanical strength up to 17 MPa without a thermal effect. The introduction of Gd3+ into the lattice was confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy; the doping increased injectivity while giving rise to antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli. Assays of the cement samples soaking in Kokubo's simulated body fluid revealed the formation of calcium phosphate coatings on the cements’ surface. The cements manifested biocompatibility with the MG-63 cell line and significantly enhanced contrast when Gd-MCPC was placed into a bone defect and examined by X-ray micro–computed tomography. For the first time, visualization of a Gd-doped cement material was achieved in a model of a bone defect analyzed by MRI.

中文翻译：

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用于无创可视化的钆掺杂注射磷酸镁钙骨水泥


可注射骨水泥用于微创手术技术，包括椎体成形术和椎体后凸成形术。这项工作致力于开发掺杂钆离子 （Gd3+） 的磷酸镁钙水泥 （MCPCs） 用于骨缺损修复。水泥粉末和水泥液之间的相互作用导致形成 newberyite 和 brushite 相，从而产生高达 17 MPa 的机械强度，而没有热效应。Gd3+ 的引入晶格通过电子顺磁共振波谱得到证实;掺杂增加了注射性，同时产生了针对大肠杆菌的抗菌特性。对浸泡在 Kokubo 模拟体液中的水泥样品的分析显示，水泥表面形成了磷酸钙涂层。当 Gd-MCPC 被放置在骨缺损处并通过 X 射线显微计算机断层扫描检查时，粘接剂表现出与 MG-63 细胞系的生物相容性，并且显着增强了对比度。首次在通过 MRI 分析的骨缺损模型中实现了 Gd 掺杂水泥材料的可视化。