Agriculture will play a central role in meeting greenhouse gas (GHG) emission targets, as the sector currently contributes ∼22% of global emissions. Because emissions are directly tied to resources employed in farm production, such as land, fertilizer, and ruminant animals, the productivity of input use tends to be inversely related to emissions intensity. We review evidence on how productivity gains in agriculture have contributed to historical changes in emissions, how they affect land use emissions both locally and globally, and how investments in research and development (R&D) affect productivity and therefore emissions. The world average agricultural emissions intensity fell by more than half since 1990, with a strong correlation between a region's agricultural productivity growth and reduction in emissions intensity. Additional investment in agricultural R&D offers an opportunity for cost-effective (<US$30 per ton carbon dioxide) and large-scale emissions reductions. Innovations that target specific commodities or inputs could even further reduce the cost of climate mitigation in agriculture.

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农业生产力和气候缓解


农业将在实现温室气体 （GHG） 排放目标方面发挥核心作用，因为该部门目前占全球排放量的 22%。由于排放与农业生产中使用的资源（如土地、肥料和反刍动物）直接相关，因此投入使用的生产率往往与排放强度成反比。我们回顾了有关农业生产率提高如何促进排放历史变化的证据，它们如何影响当地和全球的土地利用排放，以及研发 （R&D） 投资如何影响生产力，从而影响排放。自 1990 年以来，世界平均农业排放强度下降了一半以上，一个地区的农业生产率增长与排放强度的降低之间存在很强的相关性。对农业研发的额外投资为成本效益高（每吨二氧化碳30美元30美元）和大规模减排提供了机会。针对特定商品或投入的创新甚至可以进一步降低农业气候缓解的成本。