Journal of Geodesy ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2024-10-07 , DOI: 10.1007/s00190-024-01898-3 Zachary M. Young, Geoffrey Blewitt, Corné Kreemer
Accurate positioning using the Global Positioning System relies on accurate modeling of tropospheric delay. Estimated tropospheric delay must vary sufficiently to capture true variations; otherwise, systematic errors propagate into estimated positions, particularly the vertical. However, if the allowed delay variation is too large, the propagation of data noise into all parameters is amplified, reducing precision. Here we investigate the optimal choice of tropospheric constraints applied in the GipsyX software, which are specified by values of random walk process noise. We use the variability of 5-min estimated positions as a proxy for tropospheric error. Given that weighted mean 5-min positions closely replicate 24-h solutions, our ultimate goal is to improve 24-h positions and other daily products, such as precise orbit parameters. The commonly adopted default constraint for the zenith wet delay (ZWD) is 3 mm/√(hr) for 5-min data intervals. Using this constraint, we observe spurious wave-like patterns of 5-min vertical displacement estimates with amplitudes ~ 100 mm coincident with Winter Storm Ezekiel of November 27, 2019, across the central/eastern USA. Loosening the constraint suppresses the spurious waves and reduces 5-min vertical displacement variability while improving water vapor estimates. Further improvement can be achieved when optimizing constraints regionally, or for each station. Globally, results are typically optimized in the range of 6–12 mm/√(hr). Generally, we at least recommend loosening the constraint from the current default of 3 mm/√(hr) to 6 mm/√(hr) for ZWD every 300 s. Constraint values must be scaled by √(x/300) for alternative data intervals of x seconds.
中文翻译:
使用可变随机游走过程噪声改进的 GPS 对流层路径延迟估计
使用全球定位系统的精确定位依赖于对流层延迟的精确建模。估计的对流层延迟必须有足够的变化才能捕捉到真实的变化;否则,系统误差会传播到估计的位置,尤其是垂直位置。但是,如果允许的延迟变化太大,则数据噪声向所有参数的传播会被放大,从而降低精度。在这里,我们研究了 GipsyX 软件中应用的对流层约束的最佳选择,这些约束由随机游走过程噪声的值指定。我们使用 5 分钟估计位置的可变性作为对流层误差的代理。鉴于加权平均 5 分钟体位与 24 小时解决方案紧密复制,我们的最终目标是改善 24 小时体位和其他日常产品,例如精确的轨道参数。天顶湿延迟 (ZWD) 通常采用的默认约束是 3 mm/√(hr),数据间隔为 5 分钟。利用这个约束,我们观察到 5 分钟垂直位移估计的虚假波状模式,振幅 ~ 100 毫米,与 2019 年 11 月 27 日横跨美国中部/东部的冬季风暴以西结重合。放宽约束可以抑制伪波并减少 5 分钟的垂直位移变化,同时改进水蒸气估计。在区域或每个站点上优化约束时,可以实现进一步的改进。在全球范围内,结果通常在 6–12 mm/√(hr) 范围内进行优化。通常,我们至少建议将 ZWD 的约束从当前默认的 3 mm/√(hr) 放宽到每 300 秒 6 mm/√(hr)。对于 x 秒的备用数据间隔,约束值必须按 √ (x/300) 进行缩放。