Plant-based diets have grown in popularity owing to multiple health and environmental benefits. Some evidence suggests that plant-based diets are associated with benefits for urological health. In genitourinary oncology, most research has focused on prostate cancer. Clinical trial results suggest a favourable influence of healthy lifestyle modifications including plant-based diets before and after prostate cancer treatment. Epidemiological evidence shows that a diet higher in plant-based and lower in animal-based food is associated with a lower risk of aggressive prostate cancer and better quality-of-life scores than a diet with less plant-based and more animal-based food. Studies on bladder and kidney cancer are scarce, but limited data suggest that vegetarian or plant-forward dietary patterns (increased consumption of fruits and vegetables and minimizing meat) are associated with a lower risk of development of these cancers than dietary patterns with fewer fruits and vegetables and more meat. With respect to benign urological conditions, epidemiological studies suggest that plant-based dietary patterns are associated with a lower risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia and urinary tract infections than non-plant-based dietary patterns. Compared with diets high in animal-based foods and low in plant-based foods, a substantial body of epidemiological evidence also suggests that increased consumption of healthy plant-based food is associated with a lower risk of erectile dysfunction. Plant-based dietary patterns that are high in fruits and vegetables with normal calcium intake, while limiting animal protein and salt, are associated with a lower risk of kidney stone development than dietary patterns that do not follow these parameters. Overall, increasing consumption of plant-based foods and reducing intake of animal-based foods has favourable associations with multiple urological conditions.

由于多种健康和环境益处，植物性饮食越来越受欢迎。一些证据表明，植物性饮食对泌尿系统健康有益。在泌尿生殖系统肿瘤学中，大多数研究都集中在前列腺癌上。临床试验结果表明，在前列腺癌治疗前后改变健康的生活方式（包括植物性饮食）具有有利的影响。流行病学证据表明，与植物性食物较少而动物性食物较少的饮食相比，植物性食物含量较高而动物性食物含量较高的饮食与患侵袭性前列腺癌的风险较低和生活质量评分较高有关。关于膀胱癌和肾癌的研究很少，但有限的数据表明，与水果和蔬菜较少而肉类较多的饮食模式相比，素食或植物性饮食模式（增加水果和蔬菜的摄入量并尽量减少肉类）与患这些癌症的风险较低有关。关于良性泌尿系统疾病，流行病学研究表明，与非植物性饮食模式相比，植物性饮食模式与良性前列腺增生和尿路感染的风险较低相关。与高动物性食物和低植物性食物的饮食相比，大量流行病学证据还表明，增加健康植物性食物的消费与勃起功能障碍的风险降低有关。与不遵循这些参数的饮食模式相比，在钙摄入量正常的情况下，高水果和蔬菜的植物性饮食模式，同时限制动物蛋白和盐，与较低的肾结石发展风险相关。 总体而言，增加植物性食物的消费量和减少动物性食物的摄入量与多种泌尿系统疾病有良好的关联。