Progressive oxidative stress easily occurs as a result of a gradual increase in the intensity of maternal metabolism due to rapid foetal development and increased intensity of lactation. However, studies on the effects of processive oxidative stress on nutrient transport in the placenta have received little attention. The present study was conducted on sows at 85 days of gestation to study the effects of pterostilbene (PTE) on maternal oxidative stress status and placental nutrient transport. PTE increased the antioxidant capacity and immunoglobulin content in mothers’ blood and milk, reduced the level of inflammatory factors, and improved the nutrient content of milk. PTE also reduced sow backfat loss and the number of weak sons, and increased piglet weaning weight and total weaning litter weight. We subsequently found that PTE enhanced placental glucose and fatty acid transport and further affected glycolipid metabolism by increasing the expression of LAL, PYGM, and Gbe-1, which activated the PI3K phosphorylation pathway. Moreover, PTE addition altered the relative abundance of the Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Parabacillus, and Bacteroidetes-like RF16 groups in sow faeces. PTE increased the levels of acetate, propionate, butyrate and isovalerate in the faeces. These findings reveal that the addition of PTE during pregnancy and lactation mitigates the effects of processive oxidative stress on offspring development by altering maternal microbial and placental nutrient transport capacity.

中文翻译：

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紫檀芪膳食补充剂可激活 PI3K-AKT-mTOR 信号通路，以减轻进行性氧化应激并促进胎盘营养物质运输


由于胎儿的快速发育和哺乳强度的增加，母体新陈代谢强度逐渐增加，很容易发生进行性氧化应激。然而，关于进行性氧化应激对胎盘中营养物质运输影响的研究很少受到关注。本研究对妊娠 85 天的母猪进行，以研究紫檀芪 （PTE） 对母体氧化应激状态和胎盘营养物质运输的影响。PTE 提高了母亲血液和乳汁中的抗氧化能力和免疫球蛋白含量，降低了炎症因子水平，提高了乳汁中的营养成分。PTE 还减少了母猪背膘损失和虚弱儿子的数量，并增加了仔猪断奶体重和断奶窝总重。我们随后发现 PTE 通过增加激活 PI3K 磷酸化途径的 LAL 、 PYGM 和 Gbe-1 的表达来增强胎盘葡萄糖和脂肪酸转运，并进一步影响糖脂代谢。此外，PTE 添加改变了母猪粪便中厚壁菌门、变形菌门、副芽孢杆菌属和拟杆菌样 RF16 组的相对丰度。PTE 增加了粪便中乙酸盐、丙酸盐、丁酸盐和异戊酸盐的水平。这些发现表明，在怀孕和哺乳期间添加 PTE 通过改变母体微生物和胎盘营养物质运输能力来减轻进行性氧化应激对后代发育的影响。