Although analytical methodologies are known to generate pollution, universal strategies to decrease their environmental, safety, and health burdens while maintaining performance are lacking. Separation science techniques including sample preparations and chromatography require large amounts of solvent and power to separate, identify, and quantitate pure constituents from their matrices. Recent advancements to green analytical chemistry have now provided comprehensive metrics, such as the analytical method greenness score (AMGS), that allow researchers to better understand their method’s environmental burden, compare it to other methods, and indicate what areas can be addressed to enhance sustainability. Here, we review approaches and technologies that can be used to green analytical separations with a focus on improving the method’s analytical figures of merit. Approaches to green sample preparation are first considered including microextraction techniques in liquid, solid, and supercritical phases and the ability to automate such techniques. We focus on high-performance liquid chromatography and sub- or super-critical fluid chromatography, where it is shown that changing the column dimensions and packing can reduce environmental impact while preserving chromatographic resolution. We review equations to calculate the greenest flow rate at which to operate a separation method, then we discuss of modern ultrafast and high throughput separations. Finally, we describe digital signal processing for analytical signals as a major green technology for the first time. We observed that, using digital signal processing, an ultrafast liquid chromatographic separation of 101 components in just one minute produced an AMGS of 0.12 which is, to our best knowledge, the lowest ever reported.

尽管已知分析方法会产生污染，但缺乏在保持性能的同时减轻其环境、安全和健康负担的通用策略。包括样品制备和色谱法在内的分离科学技术需要大量的溶剂和能量来从基质中分离、鉴定和定量纯成分。绿色分析化学的最新进展现已提供了全面的指标，例如分析方法绿色度评分 (AMGS)，使研究人员能够更好地了解其方法的环境负担，将其与其他方法进行比较，并指出可以解决哪些领域来增强可持续性。在这里，我们回顾了可用于绿色分析分离的方法和技术，重点是提高方法的分析品质因数。首先考虑绿色样品制备方法，包括液相、固相和超临界相的微萃取技术以及自动化此类技术的能力。我们专注于高效液相色谱和亚临界或超临界流体色谱，研究表明，改变色谱柱尺寸和填料可以减少对环境的影响，同时保持色谱分辨率。我们回顾了计算操作分离方法的最环保流速的方程，然后我们讨论了现代超快和高通量分离。最后，我们首次将分析信号的数字信号处理描述为主要的绿色技术。我们观察到，使用数字信号处理，只需一分钟即可超快液相色谱分离 101 种组分，产生的 AMGS 为 0。12 据我们所知，这是有史以来报告的最低值。