At the 1892 International Sanitary Conference in Venice, experts established international health politics as governing the flows of people, traffic, and information. This focus has remained ingrained in current health politics and shaped the international response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper focuses on the micropolitics among these experts to understand the emergence of such governance expertise. In Venice, experts struggled to perform authority as European governments were unwilling to accept authoritative international expert practice. In response, the experts limited the role of international politics to regulating the movements of information, traffic, and people to make their expertise more agreeable. Such compromising governance expertise entailed two acts of silencing. The experts claimed that interventions that limited themselves to governing these flows were still highly effective and also silenced the de facto intrusiveness of their expertise into colonized sites. Combining classical sociology with science and technology studies, this article contributes conceptually by detailing how authority performances affect governance expertise. Contributing to the history of international relations, I show how the notion of international health politics as governing flows—rather than targeting ill health with global sanitary reform—became established in the late nineteenth century.

中文翻译：

---

建立流量的健康治理：1892 年国际卫生会议上的权威表现和专业知识


在 1892 年威尼斯国际卫生会议上，专家们确立了国际卫生政治作为管理人员流动、交通和信息流动的地位。这一关注点在当前的卫生政治中仍然根深蒂固，并影响了国际社会对 COVID-19 大流行的反应。本文重点介绍这些专家之间的微观政治，以了解此类治理专业知识的出现。在威尼斯，由于欧洲政府不愿意接受权威的国际专家实践，专家们难以行使权威。作为回应，专家们将国际政治的作用限制在监管信息、交通和人员流动上，以使他们的专业知识更令人满意。这种妥协的治理专业知识导致了两次沉默行为。专家们声称，仅限于控制这些流动的干预措施仍然非常有效，并且还消除了他们的专业知识对殖民地的事实上的侵入性。本文将古典社会学与科学和技术研究相结合，通过详细介绍权威绩效如何影响治理专业知识，在概念上做出了贡献。作为对国际关系史的贡献，我展示了国际卫生政治作为管理流程的概念——而不是通过全球卫生改革来针对健康不良——是如何在 19 世纪后期建立起来的。