Parents and their disabled children in both German states faced discrimination and severe challenges in the organisation of family life. In the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), from the 1960s onwards, parents achieved more far-reaching influence over the schooling and overall treatment of their children. The reasons for and avenues of parental empowerment were different on both sides of the border. In West Germany, collective action within a civil society framework was the major factor behind parental empowerment. In the GDR, parental protest tended to be more individualist and was often voiced via the petitioning system ( Eingaben) .

中文翻译：

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分心照料：东德和西德残疾儿童家庭照料者机构的差异


德国两个州的父母和他们的残疾儿童在组织家庭生活方面都面临着歧视和严峻的挑战。在德意志民主共和国 （GDR） 和德意志联邦共和国 （FRG），从 1960 年代开始，父母对孩子的学校教育和整体待遇产生了更深远的影响。边境两边父母赋权的原因和途径不同。在西德，公民社会框架内的集体行动是父母赋权背后的主要因素。在民主德国，父母的抗议往往更加个人主义，并且通常通过请愿系统 （Eingaben） 表达。