This paper uses a new linked sample constructed from full-count census data of 1851–1911 to revise estimates of intergenerational occupational mobility in England. I find that conventional estimates of intergenerational elasticities are attenuated by classical measurement error and severely underestimate the extent of father-son association in socioeconomic status. Instrumenting one measure of the father’s outcome with a second measure of the father’s outcome raises the intergenerational elasticities (β) of occupational status from 0.4 to 0.6–0.7. Victorian England was therefore a society of limited social mobility. The long-run evolution and international comparisons of social mobility in England are discussed.

中文翻译：

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像父亲一样像儿子？1851-1911 年英格兰的代际不流动


本文使用从 1851-1911 年的全计数人口普查数据构建的新关联样本来修订对英格兰代际职业流动性的估计。我发现，对代际弹性的传统估计因经典测量误差而减弱，并且严重低估了父子关系在社会经济地位中的程度。将父亲结果的一种衡量标准与父亲结果的第二种衡量标准相结合，可以将职业地位的代际弹性 （β） 从 0.4 提高到 0.6-0.7。因此，维多利亚时代的英格兰是一个社会流动性有限的社会。讨论了英格兰社会流动性的长期演变和国际比较。