Beekeeping has faced increasing difficulties during the past decades, among which is the decline in floral resources. Agriculture provides essential floral resources for beekeeping, but some farming practices have also been shown to be responsible for their decline. To provide floral resources for beekeeping, what type of agricultural transformation should be promoted, and how? To answer these questions, we still lack knowledge about the floral resources that are used by beekeeping and about the technical-economic obstacles that farmers face in implementing more favorable farming practices, particularly in agropastoral settings. To help fill these gaps, we develop a novel approach that frames both agropastoral farming and beekeeping as farming systems, by characterizing the beekeeping systems of a given place, the floral resources they use, and the impacts these farming systems have on floral resources. This approach is applied to the agropastoral landscapes of Mount Lozère, southern France, using a methodology based on semi-structured interviews with farmers and beekeepers addressing the agronomical functioning of their farms. We demonstrate that the floral resources used by beekeepers on Mount Lozère are threatened by the current dominant agricultural development paths, which seek to maximize the material productivity of labor. Such paths lead to the intensification of agricultural practices in harvested areas and the extensification of rangelands. These pathways are reinforced by the low remuneration of agropastoral labor and by the current rules of the European Union Common Agricultural Policy. “Frugal” farming, a farming system based on reduced inputs and investments, and labor-intensive practices, namely, a labor-intensive use of pasture, seems an effective way to produce floral resources. Both, agropastoral farmers and beekeepers, would benefit from an increase in the number of agricultural workers in agropastoral landscapes. This calls for public policies that promote a better remuneration of agropastoral labor, either directly or by driving market mechanisms.

在过去的几十年里，养蜂业面临着越来越多的困难，其中包括花卉资源的减少。农业为养蜂提供了重要的花卉资源，但一些农业实践也被证明是导致养蜂衰落的原因。为了为养蜂提供花卉资源，应该促进什么类型的农业转型，以及如何促进？要回答这些问题，我们仍然缺乏关于养蜂使用的花卉资源的知识，以及农民在实施更有利的农业实践时面临的技术经济障碍，特别是在农牧环境中。为了帮助填补这些空白，我们开发了一种新颖的方法，通过描述给定地方的养蜂系统、它们使用的花卉资源以及这些农业系统对花卉资源的影响，将农牧业和养蜂业构建为农业系统。这种方法应用于法国南部罗泽尔山的农牧景观，使用的方法基于对农民和养蜂人的半结构化访谈，以解决他们农场的农艺功能。我们证明，罗泽尔山养蜂人使用的花卉资源受到当前占主导地位的农业发展路径的威胁，这些路径寻求最大限度地提高劳动力的物质生产力。这些路径导致收获区农业实践的集约化和牧场的扩大。农牧业劳动力的低报酬和欧盟共同农业政策的现行规则强化了这些途径。 “节俭”农业，即基于减少投入和投资的农业系统，以及劳动密集型做法，即劳动密集型使用牧场，似乎是生产花卉资源的有效方式。农牧农民和养蜂人都将受益于农牧区农业工人数量的增加。这需要制定公共政策，直接或通过推动市场机制来提高农牧业劳动的报酬。