The premise of cancer immunotherapy is that cancers are specifically visible to an immune system tolerized to healthy self. The promise of cancer immunotherapy is that immune effector mechanisms and immunological memory can jointly eradicate cancers and inoperable metastases and de facto vaccinate against recurrence. For some patients with hitherto incurable diseases, including metastatic melanoma, this promise is being realized by game-changing immunotherapies based on αβ T cells. Today’s challenges are to bring benefit to greater numbers of patients of diverse ethnicities, target more cancer types, and achieve a cure while incurring fewer adverse events. In meeting those challenges, specific benefits may be offered by γδ T cells, which compose a second T cell lineage with distinct recognition capabilities and functional traits that bridge innate and adaptive immunity. γδ T cell–based clinical trials, including off-the-shelf adoptive cell therapy and agonist antibodies, are yielding promising results, although identifiable problems remain. In addressing those problems, we advocate that immunotherapies be guided by the distinctive biology of γδ T cells, as elucidated by ongoing research.

中文翻译：

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γδ T 细胞的癌症免疫疗法


癌症免疫疗法的前提是，癌症对于健康自我所能容忍的免疫系统来说是特别可见的。癌症免疫疗法的前景是免疫效应机制和免疫记忆可以共同根除癌症和无法手术的转移，并实际上接种疫苗以防止复发。对于一些迄今为止无法治愈的疾病（包括转移性黑色素瘤）的患者，这一前景正在通过基于 αβ T 细胞的改变游戏规则的免疫疗法来实现。当今的挑战是为更多不同种族的患者带来益处，针对更多的癌症类型，并在治愈的同时减少不良事件。在应对这些挑战时，γδ T 细胞可能会提供特定的好处，γδ T 细胞谱系构成了第二个 T 细胞谱系，具有不同的识别能力和功能特征，可以连接先天免疫和适应性免疫。基于 γδ T 细胞的临床试验，包括现成的过继细胞疗法和激动剂抗体，正在产生有希望的结果，尽管仍然存在可识别的问题。在解决这些问题时，我们主张免疫疗法以 γδ T 细胞的独特生物学为指导，正如正在进行的研究所阐明的那样。