Human development and family planning programs since the 1970s have led to a fast‐rising prevalence of modern contraceptive means at the global level. However, countries with rising but still low levels of contraceptive use experienced an increasing number of societal upheavals, including armed conflicts, sudden and high‐intensity natural disasters, as well as dramatic effects of health epidemics. This may challenge the continued diffusion of modern means of birth regulation as well as their adherent use. To better understand the role of societal upheavals in the contraceptive transition, we provide a narrative literature review of their multidimensional pathways of influence in the contraceptive decision‐making process. The review suggests four main findings. First, well‐known contemporary barriers to contraceptive use become more salient during societal upheavals. Second, historical barriers reemerge predominantly. Third, societal upheavals exert specific effects on the contraceptive transition, such as through birth replacement, the repopulation of communities, and the sexual vulnerability of girls and young women. Fourth, there are more pathways leading to a reduced (rather than a heightened) contraceptive prevalence. The conclusion discusses the implications of those insights for the contraceptive transition, provides a critical perspective of the literature, and draws avenues for future research.

中文翻译：

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社会剧变和避孕转型


20 世纪 70 年代以来的人类发展和计划生育计划导致现代避孕手段在全球范围内迅速普及。然而，避孕药具使用率上升但仍然较低的国家经历了越来越多的社会动荡，包括武装冲突、突发和高强度的自然灾害以及流行病的巨大影响。这可能会挑战现代节育手段的持续传播及其坚持使用。为了更好地理解社会剧变在避孕过渡中的作用，我们提供了关于其在避孕决策过程中的多维影响途径的叙述性文献综述。审查提出了四个主要发现。首先，众所周知的当代避孕药具使用障碍在社会动荡期间变得更加突出。二是历史障碍显着再现。第三，社会动荡对避孕方法的转变产生了特定的影响，例如通过生育替代、社区重新人口以及女孩和年轻女性的性脆弱性。第四，有更多途径可以降低（而不是提高）避孕普及率。结论讨论了这些见解对避孕过渡的影响，提供了文献的批判性视角，并为未来的研究指明了途径。