Background Muscle strength, as measured by handgrip strength (HGS), is associated with physical function and mortality. Yet, the environmental context that influences muscle strength is poorly understood. We evaluated built and social neighborhood characteristics and their association with muscle strength over time. Methods Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (2006-2018), linear mixed models assessed how 11 built and social neighborhood variables were associated with baseline levels and changes in HGS over time. Results Among the 20,045 respondents (mean age = 63 years, SD = 9.7) with up to 4 HGS measures, 8,455 were men and 11,590 were women. Among men, residing in a neighborhood with a 10% increment higher score on neighborhood disadvantage was associated with ~1 kg lower HGS at baseline (B = -0.96 kg, 95% CI = -1.39, -0.53). Similarly, each 1-point increment on the physical disorder scale was associated with a -0.39 kg lower (95% CI = -0.65, -0.12) baseline HGS value. Among women, each 10% increment in neighborhood disadvantage was associated with a 0.29 kg lower HGS at baseline (B = -0.29 kg for each 10% increment, 95% CI = -0.46, -0.13). Each 1-unit increment in the number of neighborhood gyms at baseline was associated with a 0.50 kg lower HGS (B = -0.50, 95% CI = -0.76, -0.23). Each 1-point increment in physical disorder was associated with a -0.12 kg lower (95% CI = -0.24, -0.00) baseline HGS value. None of the neighborhood features were associated with HGS rate of change. Conclusions Findings suggest that residing in neighborhoods with greater disadvantage and physical disorder may pose challenges for HGS among middle aged adults as they enter into older adulthood.

中文翻译：

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邻里环境和握力：健康与退休研究的纵向发现


背景 通过握力 （HGS） 测量的肌肉力量与身体机能和死亡率相关。然而，人们对影响肌肉力量的环境背景知之甚少。我们评估了建筑和社会社区特征及其随时间推移与肌肉力量的关系。方法 使用来自健康与退休研究 （2006-2018） 的数据，线性混合模型评估了 11 个建筑和社会邻里变量如何与 HGS 的基线水平和随时间变化相关联。结果 在 20,045 名受访者 （平均年龄 = 63 岁，SD = 9.7） 中，有多达 4 项 HGS 措施，其中 8,455 名男性，11,590 名女性。在男性中，居住在邻里劣势得分高出 10% 的社区与基线时 HGS 降低 ~1 kg 相关 （B = -0.96 kg，95% CI = -1.39，-0.53）。同样，身体疾病量表每增加 1 分，基线 HGS 值降低 -0.39 kg （95% CI = -0.65， -0.12）。在女性中，邻里劣势每增加 10%，基线时 HGS 降低 0.29 公斤（B = -0.29 kg，每增加 10%，95% CI = -0.46，-0.13）。基线时社区健身房的数量每增加 1 个单位，HGS 就会降低 0.50 公斤 （B = -0.50,95% CI = -0.76，-0.23）。身体疾病每增加 1 分，基线 HGS 值降低 -0.12 kg （95% CI = -0.24， -0.00） 相关。没有一个邻域特征与 HGS 变化率相关。结论 研究结果表明，居住在更不利和身体疾病的社区可能会给中年人在进入老年期时 HGS 带来挑战。