BACKGROUND Structured training in regional anaesthesia includes pretraining on simulation-based educational platforms to establish a safe and controlled learning environment before learners are provided clinical exposure in an apprenticeship model. This scoping review was designed to appraise the educational outcomes of current simulation-based educational modalities in regional anaesthesia. METHODS This review conformed to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Relevant articles were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and EMBASE with no date restrictions, until November 2023. Studies included randomised controlled trials, pre-post intervention, time series, case control, case series, and longitudinal studies, with no restrictions to settings, language or ethnic groups. The Kirkpatrick framework was applied for extraction of educational outcomes. RESULTS We included 28 studies, ranging from 2009 to 2023, of which 46.4% were randomised controlled trials. The majority of the target population was identified as trainees or residents (46.4%). Higher order educational outcomes that appraised translation to real clinical contexts (Kirkpatrick 3 and above) were reported in 12 studies (42.9%). Two studies demonstrated translational patient outcomes (Level 4) with reduced incidence of paraesthesia and clinical complications. The majority of studies appraised Level 3 outcomes of performance improvements in either laboratory simulation contexts (42.9%) or demonstration of clinical performance improvements in regional anaesthesia (39.3%). CONCLUSIONS There was significant heterogeneity in the types of simulation modalities used, teaching interventions applied, study methodologies, assessment tools, and outcome measures studied. When improvisations were made to regional anaesthesia simulation platforms (hybrid simulation), there were sustained educational improvements beyond 6 months. Newer technology-enhanced innovations such as virtual, augmented, and mixed reality simulations are evolving, with early reports of educational effectiveness.

中文翻译：

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区域麻醉模拟培训的教育成果：范围审查。


背景 区域麻醉的结构化培训包括在基于模拟的教育平台上进行预培训，以在学徒模式中为学习者提供临床接触之前建立一个安全和可控的学习环境。本范围综述旨在评估当前区域麻醉中基于模拟的教育模式的教育结果。方法 本综述符合 PRISMA-ScR 指南。在 PubMed、Scopus、Google Scholar、Web of Science 和 EMBASE 中检索相关文章，没有日期限制，截至 2023 年 11 月。研究包括随机对照试验、干预前后、时间序列、病例对照、病例系列和纵向研究，对环境、语言或种族群体没有限制。Kirkpatrick 框架用于提取教育成果。结果我们纳入了 2009 年至 2023 年的 28 项研究，其中 46.4% 是随机对照试验。大多数目标人群被确定为实习生或居民 （46.4%）。12 项研究 （42.9%） 报告了评估翻译到真实临床环境（Kirkpatrick 3 及以上）的高阶教育结果。两项研究表明，转化患者结局 （4 级） 降低了感觉异常和临床并发症的发生率。大多数研究评估了实验室模拟环境中性能改善的 3 级结果 （42.9%） 或区域麻醉中临床性能改善的证明 （39.3%）。结论 使用的模拟模式类型、应用的教学干预、研究方法、评估工具和研究的结果测量存在显着异质性。 当对区域麻醉模拟平台（混合模拟）进行即兴创作时，6 个月后有持续的教育改进。较新的技术增强型创新（如虚拟现实、增强现实和混合现实模拟）正在不断发展，早期报告了教育效果。