Anosognosia for visual deficits – cases where significant visual deficits go unnoticed – challenges the view that our own conscious experiences are what we know best. We review these widespread and striking failures of awareness. Anosognosia can occur with total blindness, visual abnormalities induced by brain lesions, and eye diseases. We show that anosognosia for visual deficits is surprisingly widespread. Building on previous accounts, we introduce a framework showing how apparently disparate forms of anosognosia fit together. The central idea is that, to notice a deficit, individuals need to form expectations about normal vision, compare expectations and visual input, and judge any mismatch at the metacognitive level. A failure in any of these three steps may lead to unawareness of visual deficits.

中文翻译：

---

当视觉元认知失败时：视觉缺陷的广泛性失认症


视觉缺陷的失认症——重大视觉缺陷被忽视的情况——挑战了我们自己的意识体验是我们最了解的观点。我们回顾了这些普遍而引人注目的意识失败。失认症可发生在完全失明、脑损伤引起的视力异常和眼部疾病中。我们表明，视觉缺陷的失认症出奇地普遍。在以前的叙述的基础上，我们引入了一个框架，展示了显然不同形式的失认症是如何组合在一起的。中心思想是，要注意到缺陷，个体需要形成对正常视力的期望，比较期望和视觉输入，并在元认知层面判断任何不匹配。这三个步骤中的任何一个失败都可能导致对视觉缺陷的意识不足。