Emerging infectious diseases pose a threat to pollinators. Virus transmission among pollinators via flowers may be reinforced by anthropogenic land-use change and concomitant alteration of plant–pollinator interactions. Here, we examine how species’ traits and roles in flower-visitation networks and landscape-scale factors drive key honeybee viruses—black queen cell virus (BQCV) and deformed wing virus—in 19 wild bee and hoverfly species, across 12 landscapes varying in pollinator-friendly (flower-rich) habitat. Viral loads were on average more than ten times higher in managed honeybees than in wild pollinators. Viral loads in wild pollinators were higher when floral resource use overlapped with honeybees, suggesting these as reservoir hosts, and increased with pollinator abundance and viral loads in honeybees. Viral prevalence decreased with the amount of pollinator-friendly habitat in a landscape, which was partly driven by reduced floral resource overlap with honeybees. Black queen cell virus loads decreased with a wild pollinator’s centrality in the network and the proportion of visited dish-shaped flowers. Our findings highlight the complex interplay of resource overlap with honeybees, species traits and roles in flower-visitation networks and flower-rich pollinator habitat shaping virus transmission.

新出现的传染病对传粉媒介构成威胁。病毒通过花在传粉媒介之间的传播可能由于人为的土地利用变化和随之而来的植物-传粉媒介相互作用的改变而得到加强。在这里，我们研究了物种在花访问网络和景观尺度因素中的特征和作用如何驱动 19 种野生蜜蜂和食蚜蝇物种的关键蜜蜂病毒——黑蜂皇后细胞病毒 （BQCV） 和变形翅病毒——在 12 个景观中，传粉者友好（花朵丰富）栖息地各不相同。受管理的蜜蜂的病毒载量平均比野生传粉者高十倍以上。当花卉资源使用与蜜蜂重叠时，野生传粉媒介的病毒载量较高，表明蜜蜂是宿主，并且随着蜜蜂传粉媒介的丰度和病毒载量的增加而增加。病毒流行率随着景观中对传粉媒介友好的栖息地的数量而降低，这部分是由于与蜜蜂的花卉资源重叠减少。黑蜂王细胞病毒载量随着野生传粉媒介在网络中的中心地位和访问的碟形花的比例而降低。我们的研究结果强调了资源重叠与蜜蜂、物种特征和在花卉访问网络中的作用以及塑造病毒传播的丰富花的传粉媒介栖息地之间的复杂相互作用。