The synthesis of polyamide (PA) nanofiltration (NF) membranes by interfacial polymerization (IP) for ion and molecular separations has been studied for decades, but the pursuit of higher separation efficiency and expanded usage scenarios motivates the continuous progress in PA NF membrane research. Great efforts to break the trade-off relationship between membrane permeability and selectivity of PA-NF membranes by fine-tuning the IP technique have been reported in recent years. The contemporary advances in designing PA membrane structure, such as crumpling morphological structures, tailored crosslinked networks, ultra-low membrane thickness and the extra permselective channels are evaluated and their corresponding structure-performance interplay are discussed. Specific conditions of the IP process, such as monomer concentration, solvents, additives, support layers, phase interface states and fabrication skills, as well as their influence on membrane permeability, ion or molecule selectivity are summarized and examined based on the performance in various applications. This critical review on the state-of-the-art PA NF membranes can provide significant insights into the fabrication of next generation high-performance membranes for desalination and other diverse extended advanced applications.

中文翻译：

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通过界面聚合法制备先进聚酰胺纳滤膜用于海水淡化及其他领域的研究进展


通过界面聚合 （IP） 合成聚酰胺 （PA） 纳滤 （NF） 膜用于离子和分子分离已经研究了几十年，但追求更高的分离效率和扩大的使用场景推动了 PA NF 膜研究的不断进步。近年来，通过微调 IP 技术来打破 PA-NF 膜的膜通透性和选择性之间的权衡关系，已经报道了巨大的努力。评估了 PA 膜结构设计的当代进展，例如皱缩的形态结构、定制的交联网络、超低膜厚度和额外的透磁通道，并讨论了它们相应的结构-性能相互作用。根据各种应用中的性能，总结和研究了 IP 工艺的具体条件，例如单体浓度、溶剂、添加剂、支撑层、相界面状态和制造技能，以及它们对膜渗透性、离子或分子选择性的影响。对最先进的 PA NF 膜的批判性回顾可以为制造用于海水淡化和其他各种扩展高级应用的下一代高性能膜提供重要见解。