We demonstrate enhanced Peltier cooling at the nanoscale using geometrical constriction. This nozzle structure leads to electron expansion under an applied bias, which in turn results in additional cooling. This extra cooling enhances the overall Peltier effect when the electrons are out of equilibrium with the lattice. An ensemble Monte Carlo simulation is used to demonstrate the non-equilibrium expansion of an electron gas using nanoscale trapezoidal geometric confinement. The proposed device operates under steady-state conditions, providing enhanced cooling compared to a one-dimensional flat geometry. We observe a five-fold increase in both the maximum cooling temperature and cooling power density, reaching more than 5 kW/cm2, when comparing the trapezoidal geometry to the regular flat geometry.

中文翻译：

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通过电子气体膨胀增强非平衡 Peltier 冷却：蒙特卡罗模拟研究


我们展示了使用几何收缩在纳米尺度上增强的 Peltier 冷却。这种喷嘴结构导致电子在施加的偏压下膨胀，进而导致额外的冷却。当电子与晶格不平衡时，这种额外的冷却会增强整体 Peltier 效应。使用集成蒙特卡洛仿真来演示使用纳米级梯形几何限制的电子气体的非平衡膨胀。所提出的器件在稳态条件下运行，与一维平面几何形状相比，可提供增强的冷却。当将梯形几何形状与常规平面几何形状进行比较时，我们观察到最高冷却温度和冷却功率密度都增加了五倍，达到 5 kW/cm2 以上。