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Bombesin-Targeted Delivery of β-Carboline-Based Ir(III) and Ru(II) Photosensitizers for a Selective Photodynamic Therapy of Prostate Cancer
Inorganic Chemistry ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-10-03 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02583
Juan Sanz-Villafruela, Cristina Bermejo-Casadesús, Gerard Riesco-Llach, Mònica Iglesias, Marta Martínez-Alonso, Marta Planas, Lidia Feliu, Gustavo Espino, Anna Massaguer

Despite advances in Ir(III) and Ru(II) photosensitizers (PSs), their lack of selectivity for cancer cells has hindered their use in photodynamic therapy (PDT). We disclose the synthesis and characterization of two pairs of Ir(III) and Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes bearing two β-carboline ligands (N^N’) functionalized with −COOMe (L1) or −COOH (L2), resulting in PSs of formulas [Ir(C^N)2(N^N’)]Cl (Ir-Me: C^N = ppy, N^N’ = L1; Ir-H: C^N = ppy, N^N’ = L2) and [Ru(N^N)2(N^N’)](Cl)2 (Ru-Me: N^N = bpy, N^N’ = L1; Ru-H: N^N = bpy, N^N’ = L2). To enhance their selectivity toward cancer cells, Ir-H and Ru-H were coupled to a bombesin derivative (BN3), resulting in the metallopeptides Ir-BN and Ru-BN. Ir(III) complexes showed higher anticancer activity than their Ru(II) counterparts, particularly upon blue light irradiation, but lacked cancer cell selectivity. In contrast, Ir-BN and Ru-BN exhibited selective photocytoxicity against prostate cancer cells, with a lower effect against nonmalignant fibroblasts. All compounds generated ROS and induced severe mitochondrial toxicity upon photoactivation, leading to apoptosis. Additionally, the ability of Ir-Me to oxidize NADH was demonstrated, suggesting a mechanism for mitochondrial damage. Our findings indicated that the conjugation of metal PSs with BN3 creates efficient PDT agents, achieving selectivity through targeting bombesin receptors and local photoactivation.

中文翻译:


铃蟾素靶向递送基于 β-碳啉的 Ir(III) 和 Ru(II) 光敏剂,用于前列腺癌的选择性光动力疗法



尽管 Ir(III) 和 Ru(II) 光敏剂 (PS) 取得了进展,但它们对癌细胞缺乏选择性,阻碍了它们在光动力疗法 (PDT) 中的应用。我们公开了两对 Ir(III) 和 Ru(II) 聚吡啶配合物的合成和表征,这些配合物带有两个用 −COOMe (L1) 或 −COOH (L2) 官能化的 β-咔啉配体 (N^N'),导致分子式 [Ir(C^N)2(N^N')]Cl (Ir-Me: C^N = ppy, N^N' = L1;Ir-H:C^N = ppy, N^N' = L2) 和 [Ru(N^N)2(N^N')]](Cl)2Ru-Me: N^N = bpy, N^N' = L1;Ru-H: N^N = bpy, N^N' = L2).为了增强它们对癌细胞的选择性,Ir-HRu-H 与铃蟾肽衍生物 (BN3) 偶联,产生金属肽 Ir-BNRu-BN。Ir(III) 复合物显示出比 Ru(II) 对应物更高的抗癌活性,尤其是在蓝光照射下,但缺乏癌细胞选择性。相比之下,Ir-BNRu-BN 对前列腺癌细胞表现出选择性光刺毒性,对非恶性成纤维细胞的影响较低。所有化合物均产生 ROS 并在光活化时诱导严重的线粒体毒性,导致细胞凋亡。此外,证明了 Ir-Me 氧化 NADH 的能力,表明了线粒体损伤的机制。我们的研究结果表明,金属 PSs 与 BN3 的结合会产生有效的 PDT 试剂,通过靶向 bombesin 受体和局部光激活实现选择性。
更新日期:2024-10-03
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