Background

Exercise is a non-pharmacological intervention for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), including moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Despite diverse exercise protocol variations, the impact of these variations in HIIT on T2DM anthropometrics, glycemic control, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) remains unclear.

Objective

The aim was to examine the influence of HIIT protocol characteristics on anthropometrics, glycemic control, and CRF in T2DM patients and compare it to control (without exercise) and MICT.

Methods

This review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021281398) and follows Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search, employing "high-intensity interval training" and "diabetes mellitus" in PubMed and Web of Science databases, with a "randomized controlled trial" filter, spanned articles up to January 2023.

Results

Of 190 records, 29 trials were included, categorized by HIIT interval duration, training volume, and intervention period. Long-duration, high-volume, and long-term HIIT yields superior outcomes compared to control conditions for body mass, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), glycosylated hemoglobin (%HbA1c), and CRF. The findings favored HIIT over MICT for body mass in long-duration, high-volume, and short-term intervals (mean difference [MD] − 3.45, − 3.13, and − 5.42, respectively, all p < 0.05) and for CRF in long and medium work intervals and high volume (MD 1.91, 2.55, and 2.43, respectively, all p < 0.05), as well as in medium and long-term intervention (MD 2.66 and 2.21, respectively, all p < 0.05). Regardless of specific HIIT characteristics, no differences were found in the HIIT versus MICT comparison for glycemic control.

Conclusions

Specific HIIT protocol characteristics influence changes in anthropometrics, glycemic control, and CRF compared to control groups. However, compared to MICT, only longer duration, higher volume, and short-term HIIT improved body mass, waist circumference, and CRF in individuals with T2DM.

中文翻译：

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高强度间歇训练的特征影响 2 型糖尿病的人体测量学、血糖控制和心肺适能：随机对照试验的系统评价和荟萃分析

 背景

运动是 2 型糖尿病 （T2DM） 的非药物干预措施，包括中等强度连续训练 （MICT） 和高强度间歇训练 （HIIT）。尽管运动方案各不相同，但 HIIT 的这些变化对 T2DM 人体测量学、血糖控制和心肺健康 （CRF） 的影响仍不清楚。

 目的

目的是检查 HIIT 方案特征对 T2DM 患者人体测量学、血糖控制和 CRF 的影响，并将其与对照 （无运动） 和 MICT 进行比较。

 方法

本综述已在 PROSPERO （CRD42021281398） 中注册，并遵循系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目 （PRISMA） 指南。该检索在 PubMed 和 Web of Science 数据库中采用 “high-intensity interval training” 和 “diabetes mellitus”，并使用 “randomized controlled trial” 过滤器，涵盖截至 2023 年 1 月的文章。

 结果

在 190 条记录中，纳入了 29 项试验，按 HIIT 间期持续时间、训练量和干预期分类。与体重、腰围、空腹血糖、胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估 （HOMA-IR）、糖化血红蛋白 （%HbA1c） 和 CRF 的对照条件相比，长时间、高容量和长期 HIIT 产生的结果更好。研究结果支持HIIT优于MICT在长期、高容量和短期间隔的体重（平均差[MD] 分别为-3.45、-3.13和-5.42，均p< 0.05）和长、中等工作间隔和高容量的CRF（分别为MD 1.91、2.55和2.43，均p< 0.05），以及中期和长期干预（MD 2.66和2.21， 分别，所有 p < 0.05）。无论特定的 HIIT 特征如何，在 HIIT 与 MICT 的血糖控制比较中没有发现差异。

 结论

与对照组相比，特定的 HIIT 方案特征会影响人体测量学、血糖控制和 CRF 的变化。然而，与 MICT 相比，只有更长的持续时间、更高的容量和短期 HIIT 改善了 T2DM 患者的体重、腰围和 CRF。