Subtle distortions of the experience of lived space have long been associated with schizophrenia. Although a body-centric transformation of space is considered an essential component of anomalous subjective experience in schizophrenia, its impact on the 2 major body-centric spatial constructs, that is, personal space (PS) and peripersonal space (PPS), is still not clear. This systematic review and meta-analysis have been set up to: (1) summarize the evidence on putative extensional differences of PS and PPS in schizophrenia as compared with controls, and (2) evaluate the quality and the limitations of available studies on the topic. Four electronic literature databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, and CINAHL) were searched with the keywords “Personal space OR Interpersonal distance AND Schizophrenia,” “Peripersonal space AND Schizophrenia” from inception until December 31, 2023, resulting in 15 studies on PS and 5 studies on PPS included in this systematic review. The 12 studies on PS included in the meta-analysis revealed that individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia place a larger interpersonal distance from the stimuli than controls, with a moderate effect size in both the fixed-effect model (Hedges’ g = 0.558 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.445–0.671]; z = 9.67; P < 0.0001) and the random effects model (0.547 [0.294–0.799]; z = 4.77; P = 0.0006). The 5 studies included in the meta-analysis on PPS showed that individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia exhibit a narrower PPS than the controls at the fixed-effect (Hedges’ g = 1.043 [95%CI: .739–1.348]; z = 6.72; P < .0001), but not at the random effects model (1.318 [−0.721 to 3.359]; z = 1.79; P = .147). Heterogeneity was substantial in both meta-analyses. Overall, the findings indicate that both body-centered space constructs (PS and PPS) are affected in schizophrenia, with an enlargement PS and a reduction PPS, thereby supporting the distinction of these constructs. These modifications cohere with the subjective transformation of the lived space (aka espace vécu) reported in classical psychopathology and may be promising, neurodevelopmentally grounded, biomarkers of vulnerability to schizophrenia and its spectrum conditions.

中文翻译：

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L'espace vécu 及其在精神分裂症中的扰动：改变的以身体为中心的指标的系统评价和荟萃分析 - 个人和个人周围空间


长期以来，生活空间体验的微妙扭曲一直与精神分裂症有关。尽管以身体为中心的空间转换被认为是精神分裂症中异常主观体验的重要组成部分，但它对 2 个主要以身体为中心的空间结构，即个人空间 （PS） 和个人周围空间 （PPS） 的影响仍不清楚。本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在：（1） 总结与对照组相比，精神分裂症中 PS 和 PPS 推定的延伸差异的证据，以及 （2） 评估有关该主题的现有研究的质量和局限性。从建库到 2023 年 12 月 31 日，使用关键词 “个人空间或人际距离和精神分裂症”、“个人周围空间和精神分裂症” 检索了四个电子文献数据库（MEDLINE、EMBASE、PsychINFO 和 CINAHL），结果本系统评价纳入了 15 项关于 PS 的研究和 5 项关于 PPS 的研究。荟萃分析中包括的 12 项关于 PS 的研究显示，诊断为精神分裂症的个体与刺激的人际距离比对照组大，在固定效应模型中具有中等效应量（Hedges' g = 0.558 [95% 置信区间，CI：0.445–0.671];z = 9.67;P < 0.0001） 和随机效应模型 （0.547 [0.294–0.799];z = 4.77;P = 0.0006）。PPS 荟萃分析中包括的 5 项研究表明，诊断为精神分裂症的个体在固定效应下表现出比对照组更窄的 PPS（Hedges' g = 1.043 [95%CI： .739–1.348];z = 6.72;P < .0001），但在随机效应模型上没有 （1.318 [−0.721 到 3.359];z = 1.79;P = .147）。两种meta分析的异质性都很大。 总体而言，研究结果表明，两种以身体为中心的空间结构（PS和PPS）在精神分裂症中都受到影响，PS扩大和PPS减少，从而支持这些结构的区分。这些修改与经典精神病理学中报道的生活空间（又名 espace vécu）的主观转变相一致，并且可能是有前途的、以神经发育为基础的易感性精神分裂症及其谱系条件的生物标志物。