The addition of low-loading content of nanofillers may improve the material properties of polymer-based nanocomposites. This improvement directly corresponds to the density of well-dispersed nanofillers in the matrix. However, for higher nanofiller loadings, the nanocomposites' material properties not only may not be improved but also may be degraded due to agglomeration. This complex phenomenon, where nanofillers tend to form agglomerates with the enhancement of volume fraction, poses significant challenges in materials science and nanotechnology. It has been proven that agglomerations hinder the performance of the nanocomposites and thwart the unique properties of nanofillers in most aspects. Graphene, one of the most used nanofillers, plays a remarkable role in nanotechnology. Therefore, the key focus of the current review is to provide insight into the impact of agglomeration on the various material properties such as tensile, flexural, fracture, fatigue, thermal, electrical, and barrier characteristics of the polymer nanocomposites reinforced by graphene-based structures. A comprehensive review of the factors leading to the agglomeration of graphene in the nanocomposites was presented. It was concluded that agglomeration could be a barrier to developing polymer-based nanocomposites, and the challenges of controlling the nanofiller agglomerations were discussed in depth, highlighting the issue's complexity.

中文翻译：

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石墨烯/聚合物纳米复合材料中的团聚现象：原因、作用和补救措施


添加低含量纳米填料可以改善聚合物基纳米复合材料的材料性能。这种改进直接对应于基质中分散良好的纳米填料的密度。然而，对于更高的纳米填料负载量，纳米复合材料的材料性能不仅不会得到改善，而且可能由于团聚而降低。这种复杂的现象，即纳米填料随着体积分数的增加而倾向于形成团聚体，对材料科学和纳米技术提出了重大挑战。事实证明，团聚会阻碍纳米复合材料的性能，并在大多数方面阻碍纳米填料的独特性能。石墨烯是最常用的纳米填料之一，在纳米技术中发挥着显着的作用。因此，当前综述的重点是深入了解团聚对石墨烯基结构增强的聚合物纳米复合材料的各种材料性能的影响，例如拉伸、弯曲、断裂、疲劳、热、电和阻隔特性。对导致石墨烯在纳米复合材料中团聚的因素进行了全面的回顾。结论是，团聚可能是开发聚合物基纳米复合材料的障碍，并深入讨论了控制纳米填料团聚的挑战，突出了问题的复杂性。