Excessive body weight and adiposity contribute to many adverse health concerns. The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recognizes that the condition of excess body weight and adiposity is complex, with numerous factors warranting consideration. The ACSM published a position stand on this topic in 2001 with an update in 2009, and a consensus paper on the role of physical activity in the prevention of weight gain in 2019. This current consensus paper serves as an additional update to those prior ACSM position and consensus papers. The ACSM supports the inclusion of physical activity in medical treatments (pharmacotherapy, metabolic and bariatric surgery) of excess weight and adiposity, as deemed to be medically appropriate, and provides perspectives on physical activity within these therapies. For weight loss and prevention of weight gain, the effects may be most prevalent when physical activity is progressed in an appropriate manner to at least 150 min·wk-1 of moderate-intensity physical activity, and these benefits occur in a dose-response manner. High-intensity interval training does not appear to be superior to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity for body weight regulation, and light-intensity physical activity may also be an alternative approach provided it is of sufficient energy expenditure. Evidence does not support that any one single mode of physical activity is superior to other modes for the prevention of weight gain or weight loss, and to elicit holistic health benefits beyond the effects on body weight and adiposity, multimodal physical activity should be recommended. The interaction between energy expenditure and energy intake is complex, and the effects of exercise on the control of appetite are variable between individuals. Physical activity interventions should be inclusive and tailored for sex, self-identified gender, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, age, and developmental level. Intervention approaches can also include different forms, channels, and methods to support physical activity.

中文翻译：

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成人的身体活动和超重和肥胖。美国运动医学会共识声明。


超重和肥胖会导致许多不利的健康问题。美国运动医学会 （ACSM） 认识到超重和肥胖的状况很复杂，需要考虑许多因素。ACSM 于 2001 年发布了关于该主题的立场，并于 2009 年进行了更新，并于 2019 年发布了一份关于身体活动在预防体重增加中的作用的共识文件。目前的共识文件是对之前的 ACSM 立场和共识文件的额外更新。ACSM 支持将身体活动纳入超重和肥胖的药物治疗（药物治疗、代谢和减肥手术），这被认为在医学上是适当的，并在这些疗法中提供了身体活动的观点。对于体重减轻和预防体重增加，当身体活动以适当的方式进行到至少 150 min·wk-1 的中等强度身体活动时，效果可能最普遍，并且这些好处以剂量反应方式发生。高强度间歇训练在体重调节方面似乎并不优于中等到剧烈的体力活动，如果有足够的能量消耗，轻度体力活动也可能是一种替代方法。没有证据支持任何一种单一的体育活动模式在预防体重增加或减轻方面优于其他模式，为了获得除对体重和肥胖影响之外的整体健康益处，应推荐多模式体育活动。能量消耗和能量摄入之间的相互作用很复杂，运动对控制食欲的影响因人而异。 身体活动干预措施应具有包容性，并根据性别、自我认同的性别、种族、民族、社会经济地位、年龄和发育水平量身定制。干预方法还可以包括支持身体活动的不同形式、渠道和方法。