Six people are in trouble. We can save five of them or just the sixth. What should we do? John Taurek defends a radical view: We are not required to save the greater number. Taurek has persuaded some. But even the unpersuaded agree that Taurek poses a deep and important challenge: From where does the priority of the many derive? It seems difficult, or even impossible, to convince someone who denies the importance of the numbers… to care about the numbers. That's what this paper aims to do. It will argue that the priority of the many follows, with minimal other assumptions, from something all should accept: the modest premise that if we can improve one person's chance of survival—without affecting anyone else—we should.

中文翻译：

---

拯救五人：迎接 Taurek 的挑战


六人陷入困境。我们可以拯救其中五个或仅拯救第六个。我们应该做什么？约翰·陶雷克（John Taurek）捍卫了一种激进的观点：我们不需要拯救更多的人。托雷克说服了一些人。但即使是那些不相信的人也同意，Taurek 提出了一个深刻而重要的挑战：多数人的优先权从何而来？说服那些否认数字重要性的人……关心数字似乎很困难，甚至不可能。这就是本文的目的。它将论证，在其他最少的假设的情况下，许多人的优先顺序遵循所有人都应该接受的东西：一个温和的前提，即如果我们能够提高一个人的生存机会——而不影响其他任何人——我们就应该这样做。