Background: In Europe, the transition to adulthood has been steadily prolonged. Comparative studies have not addressed in detail the role of parental socioeconomic status (SES) and gender in the postponement of events linked to the transition to adulthood. Objective: Our aim is to evaluate whether the timing and the risk of experiencing home-leaving, labour market entry, first coresidential union, and first birth vary by gender and parental SES, while also considering variation across successive birth cohorts and country groups. Methods: We rely on data from two rounds (2006, 2018) of the European Social Survey, including key retrospective questions on the timing of events for individuals born in the 1950s–1990s and living in 31 European countries. Non-parametric techniques and discrete-time event history models are used to model each event separately. Analyses are stratified by country group. Results: Results indicate that across Europe, high parental SES is positively associated with delayed labour market entry, union formation, and childbearing; the association with leaving the parental home is positive in Western and Northern Europe and negative or null in Eastern and Southern Europe. Women are more likely to experience all transitions before men, except for the first job, and this gap persists among younger generations. Gender differences are, however, substantially reduced among individuals with high-SES parents. Contribution: The paper contributes to the comparative literature on the transition to adulthood by focusing substantively on the intersection between gender and parental background and on the timing of events.

中文翻译：

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在性别和父母社会经济地位的交叉点上，欧洲向成年的过渡（作者：Valeria Ferraretto、Agnese Vitali）


背景：在欧洲，向成年期的过渡一直在稳步延长。比较研究尚未详细讨论父母社会经济地位 （SES） 和性别在推迟与向成年过渡相关的事件中的作用。目的：我们的目标是评估经历离家、进入劳动力市场、第一次同住结合和第一次生育的时间和风险是否因性别和父母 SES 而异，同时还考虑了连续出生队列和国家组的变化。方法：我们依赖于来自两轮（2006 年、2018 年）欧洲社会调查的数据，包括关于 1950 年代至 1990 年代出生并生活在 31 个欧洲国家的个人的事件发生时间的关键回顾性问题。非参数技术和离散时间事件历史模型用于单独对每个事件进行建模。分析按国家组进行分层。结果：结果表明，在整个欧洲，高父母 SES 与延迟进入劳动力市场、工会组建和生育呈正相关;与离开父母家的相关性在西欧和北欧为正，在东欧和南欧为负或为零。女性更有可能在男性之前经历所有转变，除了第一份工作，而且这种差距在年轻一代中仍然存在。然而，在父母具有高 SES 的个体中，性别差异大大减少。贡献： 本文通过实质性关注性别和父母背景之间的交叉点以及事件的时间，为关于向成年过渡的比较文献做出了贡献。