In contrast to conventional (n–i–p) perovskite solar cells (PSCs), inverted (p–i–n) PSCs offer enhanced stability and integrability with tandem solar cell architectures, which have garnered increasing interest. However, p–i–n cells suffer from energy level misalignment with transport layers, imbalanced transport of photo-generated electrons and holes, and significant defects with the perovskite films. Here we introduce tris(2,4,6-trimethyl-3-(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)borane (3TPYMB), a nonionic n-type molecule that, through hydrogen bonding and Lewis acid–base reactions with perovskite surfaces or grain boundaries, enables in situ modulation of perovskite energetics, effectively mitigating the key challenges of p–i–n PSCs. The p–i–n PSCs incorporating 3TPYMB achieve a certified quasi-steady-state power conversion efficiency of 24.55 ± 0.33%, with a reverse scan efficiency of 25.58%. They also exhibit exceptional stability, with unencapsulated devices retaining 97.8% of their initial efficiency after 1,800 h of continuous operation at maximum power point under N₂ atmosphere, 1 sun illumination and 60 °C conditions.

与传统的 （n-i-p） 钙钛矿太阳能电池 （PSC） 相比，倒置 （p-i-n） PSC 与串联太阳能电池结构提供了增强的稳定性和可集成性，这引起了越来越多的兴趣。然而，p-i-n 电池存在与传输层的能级错位、光生电子和空穴的不平衡传输以及钙钛矿薄膜的严重缺陷。在这里，我们介绍了三（2,4,6-三甲基-3-（吡啶-3-基）苯基）硼烷 （3TPYMB），这是一种非离子 n 型分子，通过与钙钛矿表面或晶界的氢键和路易斯酸碱反应，能够原位调节钙钛矿能量，有效缓解 p-i-n PSC 的关键挑战。包含 3TPYMB 的 p-i-n PSC 实现了 24.55 ± 0.33% 的认证准稳态功率转换效率，反向扫描效率为 25.58%。它们还表现出卓越的稳定性，在 N₂ 气氛、1 个阳光照射和 60 °C 条件下，未封装的器件在最大功率点连续运行 1,800 小时后，仍能保持 97.8% 的初始效率。