Research on subnational institutions is largely motivated by the observation that formal and informal institutions within countries are unevenly configured over geographical space. Although diverse, this relatively nascent body of work has yet to explicate firm activity across subnational locales that exhibit institutional dissimilarity and isomorphism with both proximate and distant centers of political-economic power. To characterize firm activity over such spatially continuous institutional landscapes within countries, we synthesize insights from the subnational institutions literature by introducing a topography framework with its characteristic dimensions comprised of (1) polycentricity, (2) elevation, and (3) slope. We discuss theoretical contributions from using this framework to review 92 articles in the period 1999 to 2024 from 24 journals before concluding with directions for future research. This work integrates knowledge on subnational institutions across management sub-fields, including, but not limited to, international business, strategic management, and entrepreneurship.

中文翻译：

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机构布局：地方机构回顾


对国家以下各级机构的研究主要是由于观察到国家内部的正式和非正式机构在地理空间上的配置不平衡。尽管多种多样，但这一相对新生的工作尚未解释跨国家以下地区的企业活动，这些地区表现出与邻近和遥远的政治经济权力中心的制度差异和同构性。为了描述国家内部这种空间连续的制度景观上的企业活动，我们通过引入地形框架来综合来自地方机构文献的见解，其特征维度包括（1）多中心，（2）海拔和（3）坡度。我们讨论了使用该框架回顾 1999 年至 2024 年期间 24 种期刊的 92 篇文章的理论贡献，然后得出未来研究的方向。这项工作整合了跨管理子领域的地方机构知识，包括但不限于国际商务、战略管理和创业。