Food systems drive human and environmental change, reflect diverse cultural and ecological contexts, and, in their diversity, can bolster nutrition and planetary health. Ignoring structural inequities in food system transformations risks offsetting potential gains. We summarize current evidence on the context-dependent implications of EAT–Lancet goals and propose six priority areas to guide equitable food system transformations, targeting food and nutrition security, just sustainability and cultural diversity. Priority areas—namely, diverse and nutritious food access, food industry regulation, climate-resilient food production, localized, small-scale food systems, cultural diversity and social well-being—can be achieved through public, private and civil society action.

粮食系统推动人类和环境变化，反映不同的文化和生态背景，并且凭借其多样性，可以促进营养和地球健康。忽视粮食系统转型中的结构性不平等可能会抵消潜在收益。我们总结了关于 EAT-Lancet 目标与环境相关的影响的当前证据，并提出了六个优先领域来指导公平的粮食系统转型，以粮食和营养安全、公正的可持续性和文化多样性为目标。优先领域，即多样化和营养丰富的食品获取、食品工业监管、气候适应型食品生产、本地化的小规模食品系统、文化多样性和社会福祉，可以通过公共、私营和民间社会行动来实现。