Soft tissue deficiencies profoundly impact the daily lives, and mental well-being of patients. Microspheres facilitate collagen synthesis by establishing a conducive environment for fibroblast growth. Existing synthetic polymer microspheres are typically prepared through emulsification and cross-linking at normal temperatures. However, residues of cross-linking agents can adversely affect biocompatibility, thereby limiting their biomedical applications. Agarose has garnered significant attention owing to its biodegradability and excellent biocompatibility. We have for the first time developed high-temperature emulsification coupled with low-temperature gelation for fabrication of agarose microsphere implants with well-controlled size for skin tissue enhancement. The agarose microspheres exhibited favorable sphericity and dispersion, possessing a uniform particle size with an average diameter of 37.24 μm. Furthermore, the microspheres demonstrated commendable injectability and biodegradability. Additionally, the implants displayed remarkable biocompatibility, effectively promoting the proliferation of human foreskin fibroblast-1 (HFF-1) cells. The microspheres exhibited no systemic toxicity and induced no hemolytic or thermogenic reactions. In photoaged mice skin models, the agarose microspheres augmented dermal density, and enhanced skin elasticity. The microspheres showed the capacity to stimulate the regeneration of collagen fibers. The agarose microspheres offer a novel avenue for soft tissue filling and hold significance in the field of tissue engineering and skin regeneration.

中文翻译：

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高温乳化结合低温凝胶制备琼脂糖微球植入物，尺寸控制良好，用于增强皮肤组织


软组织缺陷对患者的日常生活和心理健康产生深远影响。微球通过为成纤维细胞生长建立有利的环境来促进胶原蛋白的合成。现有的合成聚合物微球通常是通过在常温下通过乳化和交联制备的。然而，交联剂的残留物会对生物相容性产生不利影响，从而限制其生物医学应用。琼脂糖因其生物降解性和优异的生物相容性而受到广泛关注。我们首次开发了高温乳化结合低温凝胶化技术，用于制造琼脂糖微球植入物，其大小控制良好，可增强皮肤组织。琼脂糖微球表现出良好的球形性和分散性，具有均匀的粒径，平均直径为 37.24 μm。此外，微球表现出值得称道的可注射性和生物降解性。此外，植入物表现出显著的生物相容性，有效促进人包皮成纤维细胞-1 （HFF-1） 细胞的增殖。微球没有表现出全身毒性，也没有诱导溶血或产热反应。在光老化小鼠皮肤模型中，琼脂糖微球增加了真皮密度，并增强了皮肤弹性。微球显示出刺激胶原纤维再生的能力。琼脂糖微球为软组织填充提供了一种新的途径，在组织工程和皮肤再生领域具有重要意义。