The unique characteristics of fullerene (C₆₀) have attracted great attention in the agricultural field. However, its potential effects on nitrogen sources and the uptake of various mineral nutrients required for plant growth remain unclear. In this study, we take advantage of the stable isotope ¹⁵N labeling technique combined with synchrotron radiation micro-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (SR-μXRF) to investigate efficiently the effects of C₆₀ (70–200 nm) on the uptake level of nitrogen and multiple mineral elements in three common crops (maize, wheat, and soybean). The results showed that C₆₀ had different effects on the uptake of nitrogen and 15 mineral elements in different types of crops. C₆₀ significantly decreased the uptake rate of nitrate nitrogen in maize and soybean by 52.4% and 66.1%, respectively, but it had no significant effects on the uptake of ammonium nitrogen. In contrast, C₆₀ had no significant effect on the uptake of nitrate nitrogen in wheat, but it significantly increased the uptake rate of ammonium nitrogen by more than 3-fold. In addition, C₆₀ tended to change the uptake of 15 mineral elements in wheat, maize and soybean, but significant differences were found only in the uptake of K, Ca and Fe in different tissues of three crops. Our results suggest that the joint analysis technology not only facilitates the simultaneous comparison of the uptake of total mineral nutrients (including organic and inorganic nutrients) in plants but also enables us to obtain the impact of nanomaterials on plant growth. C₆₀ can improve the uptake of nitrogen and change mineral elements in crops, possibly avoiding damage to soils and the environment caused by the overuse of fertilizers and increasing the yield quantity and quality of crops.

中文翻译：

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富勒烯 C60 对同步辐射微 X 射线荧光光谱法 （SR-μXRF） 和稳定同位素标记对作物氮和矿质元素吸收的影响


富勒烯 （C₆₀） 的独特特性在农业领域引起了极大的关注。然而，它对氮源和植物生长所需的各种矿物营养物质的吸收的潜在影响仍不清楚。在这项研究中，我们利用稳定同位素 ¹⁵N 标记技术结合同步辐射微 X 射线荧光光谱法 （SR-μXRF） 来有效研究 C₆₀ （70-200 nm） 对三种常见作物（玉米、小麦和大豆）氮和多种矿物元素吸收水平的影响。结果表明，C₆₀ 对不同类型作物对氮和 15 种矿质元素的吸收具有不同的影响。C₆₀ 显著降低玉米和大豆对硝态氮的吸收速率，分别降低了 52.4% 和 66.1%，但对铵态氮的吸收没有显著影响。相比之下，C₆₀ 对小麦对硝态氮的吸收没有显著影响，但显著提高了铵态氮的吸收速率 3 倍以上。此外，C₆₀ 倾向于改变小麦、玉米和大豆对 15 种矿质元素的摄取，但仅在 3 种作物不同组织中对 K、Ca 和 Fe 的摄取存在显著差异。我们的结果表明，联合分析技术不仅有助于同时比较植物中总矿物营养物质（包括有机和无机营养物质）的吸收情况，而且还使我们能够获得纳米材料对植物生长的影响。 C₆₀ 可以提高作物对氮的吸收并改变矿物元素，可能避免因过度使用肥料而对土壤和环境造成的破坏，提高作物的产量和质量。