Social norms govern and prescribe how group members behave. Since norms manifest in individuals' behavior, it is important to consider the cognitive demands associated with detecting and monitoring norm behaviors. Here I describe three types of norms that differ in the behavior they prescribe, the cognitive processes of behavior detection and monitoring they require, and the compliance and cooperative patterns they entail. Categorical norms, such as taboos, prescribe what actions group members must or shouldn't do, and may rely on affective outcomes. Scale-sensitive norms govern how much of a behavior one must do and rely on signal detection processes. History-sensitive norms consider a whole sequence of actions performed by specific individuals, such as the history of contribution, and require evidence accumulation mechanisms. Detecting and monitoring these different types of behaviors poses different cognitive demands, which may affect the extent and stability of social norms. By taking the cognitive perspective, it may be possible to understand why some norms are more resilient than others, and plan interventions that promote norm change by matching these cognitive demands.

中文翻译：

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学习、监控和改变社会规范的认知方法


社会规范管理和规定群体成员的行为方式。由于规范体现在个人的行为中，因此考虑与检测和监控规范行为相关的认知需求非常重要。在这里，我描述了三种类型的规范，它们所规定的行为、它们所需的行为检测和监控的认知过程以及它们所需要的合规性和合作模式有所不同。诸如禁忌之类的分类规范规定了群体成员必须或不应该采取的行动，并且可能依赖于情感结果。尺度敏感的规范控制着一个人必须做的行为的程度，并依赖于信号检测过程。历史敏感规范考虑特定个人执行的整个行动序列，例如贡献历史，并且需要证据积累机制。检测和监控这些不同类型的行为提出了不同的认知需求，这可能会影响社会规范的范围和稳定性。通过采取认知视角，也许可以理解为什么某些规范比其他规范更具弹性，并计划通过匹配这些认知需求来促进规范改变的干预措施。