Abiotic constraints, such as drought and heat driven by climate change, negatively impact the production of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), an essential grain legume worldwide. The ability to tolerate drought and heat stress in common bean can be improved by introducing genetic variation from related species, such as tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray), which has recently gained attention because of its adaptation to drought and heat stresses and potential use as a genetic resource and alternative crop. To better understand the phenotypic response of tepary bean to drought and heat stress in multiple environments and trials and to select highly adapted tepary beans, we conducted two field experiments. In Experiment 1, we compared the adaptation to drought stress of tepary bean (n = 10), common bean (n = 10), and Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.; n = 9) by assessing the reduction in grain yield under terminal drought compared to well-irrigated conditions in two California locations with arid summer conditions. Of the three species, tepary bean showed the statistically strongest adaptation to terminal drought, followed by Lima bean and common bean. In Experiment 2, we evaluated a set of 22 tepary beans from contrasting origins for drought and heat stresses across multi-environment trials (METs) in California, Nebraska, and Colombia, with common bean as a control. We found a considerable variation in the tepary bean phenotypic response to these MET conditions, as a result of a strong genotype × environment interaction. Also, we identified tepary bean accessions adapted to drought, heat, and well-irrigated conditions across multiple climate zones. Understanding the performance of tepary bean across multiple environments and identifying tepary beans with broad and target-specific adaptation will maximize the potential use of the species.

中文翻译：

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在多环境试验研究中鉴定耐旱耐热的 tepary 豆


气候变化驱动的干旱和高温等非生物限制因素对普通豆 （Phaseolus vulgaris L.） 的生产产生了负面影响，菜豆是全球必不可少的谷物豆类。可以通过引入相关物种的遗传变异来提高普通豆耐干旱和热胁迫的能力，例如茶豆 （Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray），它最近因其对干旱和热胁迫的适应以及可能用作遗传资源和替代作物而受到关注。为了更好地了解 tepary bean 在多种环境和试验中对干旱和热应激的表型响应，并选择高度适应的 tepary 豆，我们进行了两次田间试验。在实验 1 中，我们比较了 tepary bean （n = 10）、普通豆 （n = 10） 和利马豆 （Phaseolus lunatus L.;n = 9），通过评估在夏季干旱的加利福尼亚两个地区，与灌溉良好条件相比，末期干旱下粮食产量的降低。在这三个物种中，特帕里豆对终末干旱的适应能力在统计学上最强，其次是利马豆和普通豆。在实验 2 中，我们在加利福尼亚州、内布拉斯加州和哥伦比亚的多环境试验 （MET） 中评估了一组来自不同干旱和热应激来源的 22 种 tepary 豆，以普通豆为对照。我们发现 tepary bean 对这些 MET 条件的表型反应存在相当大的差异，这是强烈的基因型×环境相互作用的结果。此外，我们还确定了适应多个气候区干旱、高温和灌溉良好的 tepary bean 种质。 了解 tepary bean 在多个环境中的表现并识别具有广泛和目标特异性适应的 tepary bean 将最大限度地利用该物种。