The increasing demand for all types of energy is driving the biofuel sector in transportation to innovate technologies for a more energy-efficient future by synergistically utilizing various energy sources. Current fossil fuel reserves are insufficient to meet rising energy demands and are expected to be depleted soon. Factors such as pollution, global warming, and high oil prices have driven the search for renewable energy sources. Marine macroalgae have garnered considerable interest as a promising and sustainable resource for producing value-added chemicals and biofuels because of their high carbohydrate and lipid content, high availability, and low cost of production. Extensive research has been conducted to evaluate its potential for producing biofuels, especially in the light of rising recognition regarding socio-economic considerations. Incorporating biorefinery methodologies into the biofuel production presents significant promise for promoting the widespread advancement of a circular bioeconomy. The techno-economic and environmental assessment of biofuel production from macroalgal biomass has been the subject of much research. This review briefly explores various thermochemical and biochemical conversion technologies of macroalgal biomass into biofuels. It also illustrates the biofuel generation pathway, efficiency, and recent techniques to accelerate the product yield. The review also discusses the limitations, bottlenecks, challenges, and future perspectives of utilizing macroalgal biomass to produce biofuels and value-added chemicals.

中文翻译：

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利用大型藻类生产低碳生物燃料，迈向可持续循环生物经济和绿色未来


对各类能源不断增长的需求正在推动交通领域的生物燃料行业通过协同利用各种能源来创新技术，以实现更节能的未来。目前的化石燃料储量不足以满足不断增长的能源需求，预计很快就会耗尽。污染、全球变暖和高油价等因素推动了对可再生能源的寻找。海洋大型藻类作为生产增值化学品和生物燃料的有前途且可持续的资源，因其碳水化合物和脂质含量高、可用性高且生产成本低而引起了人们的广泛关注。人们已经进行了广泛的研究来评估其生产生物燃料的潜力，特别是考虑到人们对社会经济因素的认识不断提高。将生物精炼方法纳入生物燃料生产中，为促进循环生物经济的广泛发展带来了巨大的希望。利用大型藻类生物质生产生物燃料的技术经济和环境评估一直是许多研究的主题。本文简要探讨了将大型藻类生物质转化为生物燃料的各种热化学和生化技术。它还说明了生物燃料的生成途径、效率以及加速产品产量的最新技术。该综述还讨论了利用大型藻类生物质生产生物燃料和增值化学品的局限性、瓶颈、挑战和未来前景。