This study examines the trace element chemistry of fumarolic deposits and fumarolic plumes at Lastarria volcano, located in northern Chile. Fumarolic deposits were manually collected, while fumarolic plumes were sampled using the filter pack technique; after sample preparation, both sample types were analyzed by ICP-MS. The research focuses on chalcophile elements (As, Cd, Sb, Te, Cu, Zn, Tl, Pb, and Bi) and B, with the findings revealing significant enrichment of As and Pb in fumarolic deposit samples, especially in medium- and high-temperature fumarolic vents, respectively. On the other hand, filter pack measurements in the fumarolic plume indicate a notable enrichment in Te, B, As, and Tl, with Sc-normalized enrichment factors within the range of 104–106. From these elements, B, Tl, and Te appear to be less scavenged at the vent, presenting more significant enrichments in fumarolic plumes than in fumarolic deposits. By comparing our results with subduction-related volcanoes such as Etna, Stromboli, Lascar, Masaya, or La Soufrière de Guadeloupe, Lastarria fumarolic plume can be regarded as the one with the highest concentrations of B and As ever recorded. Moreover, Lastarria has chalcophile enrichments comparable to those volcanoes with shallower magma chambers and high-temperature magmatic emissions such as Stromboli. The higher abundance of chalcophiles suggests a significant magmatic influence feeding Lastarria fumaroles and the presence of ligands, such as Cl, which can transport significant amounts of chalcophiles at shallower levels of the crust during late-stage magma crystallization. Large amounts of chalcophiles released by Lastarria and Lascar volcanoes could be responsible for the naturally elevated concentrations of these elements in the Altiplano-Puna area. Future studies should focus on the lifetime of chalcophiles in the Central Andean atmosphere, where these elements could reside for a longer time given the dominant hyperarid environment.

中文翻译：

---

拉斯塔里亚火山，智利北部和中部火山带的硼和亲铜矿的主要排放地


这项研究检查了位于智利北部拉斯塔里亚火山的喷气孔沉积物和喷气孔羽流的微量元素化学。人工收集喷气孔沉积物，同时使用过滤包技术对喷气孔羽流进行采样；样品制备后，两种样品类型均通过 ICP-MS 进行分析。研究重点是亲铜元素（As、Cd、Sb、Te、Cu、Zn、Tl、Pb 和 Bi）和 B，研究结果表明，延胡索质矿床样品中 As 和 Pb 显着富集，尤其是在中、高浓度的富马酸矿床样品中。分别为-温度喷气孔。另一方面，喷气孔羽流中的过滤器组测量表明 Te、B、As 和 Tl 显着富集，Sc 归一化富集因子在 104-106 范围内。从这些元素中，B、Tl 和 Te 似乎在喷口处被清除得较少，在喷气孔羽流中比在喷气孔沉积物中表现出更显着的富集。通过将我们的结果与与俯冲相关的火山（如埃特纳火山、斯特龙博利火山、拉斯卡火山、马萨亚火山或瓜德罗普岛的拉苏弗里耶尔火山）进行比较，拉斯塔利亚喷气羽流可以被认为是有史以来 B 和 As 浓度最高的火山。此外，拉斯塔里亚的亲铜矿富集度与斯特龙博利等具有较浅岩浆室和高温岩浆排放的火山相当。亲铜矿丰度较高，表明岩浆对拉斯塔里亚喷气孔的供给产生了显着影响，并且存在配体（例如 Cl），在岩浆结晶后期，它可以在地壳较浅层运输大量的亲铜矿。 拉斯塔里亚和拉斯卡火山释放的大量亲铜元素可能是高原-普纳地区这些元素浓度自然升高的原因。未来的研究应重点关注安第斯山脉中部大气中亲铜元素的寿命，考虑到主要的极度干旱环境，这些元素可以在其中停留更长时间。