Clean energy, water, and air are all critical to the sustainable development of humanity. Electrospun nanofibers, including nanofibrous membranes, have attracted enormous interest for energy and environmental applications, whether for energy generation and storage, or separation and purification. Electrospun polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF)-based nanofibers, in particular, have been extensively studied for various applications (e.g., separation membranes) due to their excellent thermal and chemical stabilities, superior mechanical strength, and excellent processability. In this review, we initially explore PVDF as a preferred material for nanofiber fabrication via electrospinning, highlighting its unique chemistry. Subsequently, we discuss common electrospinning techniques, structures, and the functionality of the resultant nanofibers. As electrospun nanofibers often exhibit relatively open structures with large pores and high porosity, requiring further modification, we consolidate and analyze several pivotal modification methods for electrospun nanofibers, including crosslinking, surface coating, and assembly. We also explore the applications of electrospun PVDF-based nanofibers for clean energy and sustainable environment, including energy harvesting and storage, self-powered sensors, water treatment through different membrane processes, gas separation, and environmental sensing. Finally, we discuss the prospects of electrospun PVDF-based nanofibers for clean energy and sustainable environment. This review provides important guidance on developing desirable electrospun PVDF-based nanofibers and harnessing their capabilities to achieve a sustainable future characterized by clean energy, clean water, and clean air.

中文翻译：

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基于静电纺丝聚偏二氟乙烯 （PVDF） 的纳米纤维在可持续能源和环境中的应用研究进展


清洁能源、水和空气对人类的可持续发展都至关重要。静电纺丝纳米纤维，包括纳米纤维膜，在能源和环境应用中引起了极大的兴趣，无论是用于能源生产和储存，还是用于分离和纯化。特别是基于静电纺丝的聚偏二氟乙烯 （PVDF） 纳米纤维，由于其优异的热稳定性和化学稳定性、优异的机械强度和出色的加工性能，已被广泛研究用于各种应用（例如分离膜）。在这篇综述中，我们初步探索了 PVDF 作为通过静电纺丝制造纳米纤维的首选材料，突出了其独特的化学性质。随后，我们讨论了常见的静电纺丝技术、结构和所得纳米纤维的功能。由于静电纺丝纳米纤维通常表现出相对开放的结构、大孔隙和高孔隙率，需要进一步改性，我们整合和分析了静电纺丝纳米纤维的几种关键改性方法，包括交联、表面涂层和组装。我们还探讨了基于静电纺丝 PVDF 的纳米纤维在清洁能源和可持续环境中的应用，包括能量收集和存储、自供电传感器、通过不同膜工艺进行水处理、气体分离和环境传感。最后，我们讨论了基于静电纺丝 PVDF 的纳米纤维在清洁能源和可持续环境方面的前景。本文为开发理想的静电纺丝基于 PVDF 的纳米纤维并利用其能力实现以清洁能源、清洁水和清洁空气为特征的可持续未来提供了重要指导。