Nowadays, Industry 5.0 starts to gain attention, which advocates that intelligent manufacturing should adequately consider the roles and needs of humans. In this context, how to enhance human capabilities or even liberate humans from the processes of perception, learning, decision-making, and execution has been one of the key issues to be addressed in intelligent manufacturing. Large language models (LLMs), as the breakthrough in new-generation artificial intelligence, could provide human-like interaction, reasoning, and replies suitable for various application scenarios, thus demonstrating significant potential to address the above issues by providing aid or becoming partners for humans in perception, learning, decision-making, and execution in intelligent manufacturing. The combination of LLMs and intelligent manufacturing has inherent advantages and is expected to become the next research hotspot. Hence, this paper primarily conducts a systematic literature review on the application of LLMs in intelligent manufacturing to identify the promising research topics with high potential for further investigations. Firstly, this paper reveals the concept, connotation, and foundational architecture of LLMs. Then, several typical and trending interdisciplinary LLM applications, such as healthcare, drug discovery, social & economic, education, and software development, are summarized, on which an LLM-enabled intelligent manufacturing architecture is designed to provide a reference for applying LLMs in intelligent manufacturing. Thirdly, the specific pathways for applying LLMs in intelligent manufacturing are explored from the perspectives of design, production, and service. Finally, this paper identifies the limitations, barriers, and challenges that will be encountered during the research and application of LLMs in intelligent manufacturing, while providing potential research directions to address these limitations, barriers, and challenges.

中文翻译：

---

新一代智能制造中大型语言模型的潜力、路径和挑战综述


如今，工业 5.0 开始受到关注，它主张智能制造应充分考虑人类的角色和需求。在此背景下，如何提升人类能力，甚至将人类从感知、学习、决策和执行过程中解放出来，一直是智能制造需要解决的关键问题之一。大型语言模型 （LLMs） 作为新一代人工智能的突破口，可以提供适用于各种应用场景的类人交互、推理和回复，从而在智能制造中通过帮助或成为人类在感知、学习、决策和执行方面的合作伙伴，显示出解决上述问题的巨大潜力。LLMs与智能制造的结合具有先天优势，有望成为下一个研究热点。因此，本文主要对 LLMs，以确定具有高度研究潜力的有前途的研究课题。首先，本文揭示了 LLMs。然后，总结了几个典型且趋势性的跨学科LLM 应用，如医疗保健、药物发现、社会和经济、教育和软件开发，在此基础上设计了LLM 启用的智能制造架构，为LLMs。然后，从设计、生产和服务的角度探讨了LLMs 在智能制造中的应用具体路径。 最后，本文确定了 LLMs，同时提供了解决这些局限性、障碍和挑战的潜在研究方向。