Control over the amplitude, phase, and spatial distribution of visible-spectrum light underlies many technologies, but commercial solutions remain bulky, require high control power, and are often too slow. Active integrated photonics for visible light promises a solution, especially with recent materials and fabrication advances. In this review, we discuss three growing application spaces which rely on control of visible light: control and measurement of atomic quantum technologies, augmented-reality displays, and measurement and control of biological systems. We then review the commercial dynamic surfaces and bulk systems which currently provide visible-light modulation and the current state-of-the-art integrated solutions. Throughout the review we focus on speed, control power, size, optical bandwidth, and technological maturity when comparing technologies.

中文翻译：

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可见光调制技术及其应用


对可见光谱光的振幅、相位和空间分布的控制是许多技术的基础，但商业解决方案仍然体积庞大，需要高控制功率，而且通常速度太慢。用于可见光的有源集成光子学有望提供解决方案，尤其是随着材料和制造的最新进展。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了三个依赖于可见光控制的不断增长的应用领域：原子量子技术的控制和测量、增强现实显示以及生物系统的测量和控制。然后，我们回顾了目前提供可见光调制的商业动态表面和体系统以及当前最先进的集成解决方案。在整个审查过程中，我们在比较技术时重点关注速度、控制功率、尺寸、光带宽和技术成熟度。