The clinical assessment of microvascular pathologies (in diabetes and in inflammatory skin diseases, for example) requires the visualization of superficial vascular anatomy. Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) scanners based on an all-optical Fabry–Perot ultrasound sensor can provide highly detailed 3D microvascular images, but minutes-long acquisition times have precluded their clinical use. Here we show that scan times can be reduced to a few seconds and even hundreds of milliseconds by parallelizing the optical architecture of the sensor readout, by using excitation lasers with high pulse-repetition frequencies and by exploiting compressed sensing. A PAT scanner with such fast acquisition minimizes motion-related artefacts and allows for the volumetric visualization of individual arterioles, venules, venous valves and millimetre-scale arteries and veins to depths approaching 15 mm, as well as for dynamic 3D images of time-varying tissue perfusion and other haemodynamic events. In exploratory case studies, we used the scanner to visualize and quantify microvascular changes associated with peripheral vascular disease, skin inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis. Fast all-optical PAT may prove useful in cardiovascular medicine, oncology, dermatology and rheumatology.

微血管病变的临床评估（例如糖尿病和炎症性皮肤病）需要浅表血管解剖结构的可视化。基于全光学 Fabry-Perot 超声传感器的光声断层扫描 （PAT） 扫描仪可以提供高度详细的 3D 微血管图像，但长达数分钟的采集时间使其无法在临床上使用。在这里，我们展示了通过并行化传感器读数的光学架构、使用具有高脉冲重复频率的激发激光器以及利用压缩传感，可以将扫描时间缩短到几秒钟甚至数百毫秒。具有如此快速采集功能的 PAT 扫描仪可最大限度地减少与运动相关的伪影，并允许对接近 15 毫米深度的单个小动脉、小静脉、静脉瓣膜和毫米级动脉和静脉进行体积可视化，以及时变组织灌注和其他血流动力学事件的动态 3D 图像。在探索性案例研究中，我们使用扫描仪来可视化和量化与外周血管疾病、皮肤炎症和类风湿性关节炎相关的微血管变化。快速全光学 PAT 可能被证明在心血管医学、肿瘤学、皮肤病学和风湿病学中有用。