Given growing interest in the potential importance of news literacy around the world, a theoretically grounded and empirically validated measure of news literacy is essential. Building on existing theory, we developed and validated a 15-item true/false measure of news literacy knowledge. This measure comprehensively operationalizes the five C’s of news literacy—context, creation, content, circulation, and consumption—in a concise, adaptable, knowledge-based format. Using item response theory and differential item functioning analysis, we followed a three-survey process with representative U.S. samples, developing and assessing 80 true/false items in Study 1 ( N = 1,502) to reduce to 43 items in Study 2 ( N = 1,273). The final reduced set of 15 items was evaluated and validated in Study 3 ( N = 681) along with related measures of civics and current events knowledge, which were positively predicted by the news literacy knowledge measure. While this measure is designed and tested in the U.S. context, our process of operationalizing these complicated concepts and the novel true/false format facilitates its applicability to those interested in studying news literacy around the globe.

中文翻译：

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制定并验证新闻素养知识的 15 项正确/错误衡量标准


鉴于世界各地对新闻素养潜在重要性的兴趣日益浓厚，基于理论和经验验证的新闻素养衡量标准至关重要。基于现有理论，我们开发并验证了包含 15 项真/假的新闻素养知识衡量标准。该衡量标准以简洁、适应性强、基于知识的形式全面实施了新闻素养的 5C（背景、创作、内容、流通和消费）。使用项目反应理论和差异项目功能分析，我们对具有代表性的美国样本进行了三项调查过程，开发和评估了研究 1 中的 80 个真/假项目 (N = 1,502)，以将研究 2 中的 43 个项目减少到 (N = 1,273) ）。最终减少的 15 个项目集以及公民和时事知识的相关测量在研究 3（N = 681）中进行了评估和验证，新闻素养知识测量对这些测量进行了积极的预测。虽然这项措施是在美国背景下设计和测试的，但我们实施这些复杂概念的过程和新颖的真/假格式有助于其适用于那些有兴趣研究全球新闻素养的人。